Continuous monitoring of anaesthetics infusion is demanded by anaesthesiologists to help in defining personalized dose, hence reducing risks and side effects. We propose the first piece of technology tailored explicitly to close the loop between anaesthesiologist and patient with continuous drug monitoring. Direct detection of drugs is achieved with electrochemical techniques, and several options are present in literature to measure propofol (widely used anaesthetics). Still, the sensors proposed do not enable in-situ detection, they do not provide this information continuously, and they are based on bulky and costly lab equipment. In this paper, we present a novel smart pen-shaped electronic system for continuous monitoring of propofol in human serum. The system consists of a needle-shaped sensor, a quasi digital front-end, a smart machine learning data processing, in a single wireless battery-operated embedded device featuring Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) communication. The system has been tested and characterized in real, undiluted human serum, at 37 $^\circ$ C. The device features a limit of detection of 3.8 $\mu$ M, meeting the requirement of the target application, with an electronics system 59% smaller and 81% less power consuming w.r.t. the state-of-the-art, using a smart machine learning classification for data processing, which guarantees up to twenty continuous measure.

中文翻译：

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用于通过机器学习连续监测人体血清中麻醉剂的智能便携式笔

麻醉师要求对麻醉剂输注进行持续监测，以帮助确定个性化剂量，从而降低风险和副作用。我们提出了第一个明确定制的技术，用于关闭麻醉师和患者之间的循环，并进行持续的药物监测。药物的直接检测是通过电化学技术实现的，文献中提供了几种测量丙泊酚（广泛使用的麻醉剂）的方法。尽管如此，所提出的传感器仍不能实现原位检测，它们不能连续提供这些信息，而且它们基于笨重且昂贵的实验室设备。在本文中，我们提出了一种新型智能笔形电子系统，用于连续监测人血清中的丙泊酚。该系统由针状传感器、准数字前端、智能机器学习数据处理，在具有蓝牙低功耗 (BLE) 通信的单个无线电池供电的嵌入式设备中。该系统已在真实的未稀释人血清中进行了测试和表征，浓度为 37$^\圆$ C. 设备的检测限为 3.8$\亩$ M，满足目标应用的要求，电子系统体积缩小 59%，功耗降低 81% .