While conjugate vaccines against typhoid fever have recently been recommended by the World Health Organization for deployment, the lack of a vaccine against paratyphoid, multidrug resistance and chronic carriage all present challenges for the elimination of enteric fever. In the past decade, the development of in vitro and human challenge models has resulted in major advances in our understanding of enteric fever pathogenesis. In this review, we summarise these advances, outlining mechanisms of host restriction, intestinal invasion, interactions with innate immunity and chronic carriage, and discuss how this knowledge may progress future vaccines and antimicrobials.

中文翻译：

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伤寒沙门氏菌的宿主限制，发病机制和慢性携带。

尽管世界卫生组织最近建议使用抗伤寒的结合疫苗进行部署，但缺乏针对副伤寒，多药耐药性和长期携带的疫苗，这些都为消除肠热提出了挑战。在过去的十年中，体外和人类挑战模型的发展已导致我们对肠热病发病机理的认识有了重大进展。在这篇综述中，我们总结了这些进展，概述了宿主限制，肠道入侵，与先天免疫力和慢性运输的相互作用，并讨论了这些知识如何发展未来的疫苗和抗菌素。