We examine the extent to which phylogenetic effects and ecology are associated with macroevolutionary patterns of phytochemical defense production across the Mimulus phylogeny. We grew plants from 21 species representing the five major sections of the Mimulus phylogeny in a common garden to assess how the arsenals (NMDS groupings) and abundances (concentrations) of a phytochemical defense, phenylpropanoid glycosides (PPGs), vary across the phylogeny. Very few PPGs are widespread across the genus, but many are common to multiple sections of the genus. Phytochemical arsenals cluster among sections in an NMDS and are not associated with total concentration of PPGs. There is a strong phylogenetic signal for phytochemical arsenal composition across the Mimulus genus, while ecological variables such as growing season length, latitude, and elevation do not significantly influence arsenal. In contrast, there is little phylogenetic signal for total PPG concentration, and this trait is significantly influenced by several ecological factors. Phytochemical arsenals and abundances are influenced by plant life history form. Both phylogenetic effects and ecology are related to phytochemical patterns across species, albeit in different ways. The independence of phytochemical defense concentrations from arsenal compositions indicates that these aspects of defense may continue to evolve independently of one another.

中文翻译：

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进化历史和生态学塑造了猴花植物化学武器库的多样性和丰度

我们研究了系统发育效应和生态学与整个 Mimulus 系统发育中植物化学防御生产的宏观进化模式相关的程度。我们在一个共同的花园中种植了代表 Mimulus 系统发育五个主要部分的 21 种植物，以评估植物化学防御、苯丙烷苷 (PPG) 的武器库（NMDS 分组）和丰度（浓度）如何在系统发育中变化。很少有 PPG 在整个属中广泛分布，但许多 PPG 是该属的多个部分共有的。植物化学武器库聚集在 NMDS 的各个部分中，并且与 PPG 的总浓度无关。整个 Mimulus 属的植物化学武器库组成有很强的系统发育信号，而生态变量，如生长季节长度、纬度、和海拔不会显着影响武器库。相比之下，总 PPG 浓度的系统发育信号很少，并且该性状受多种生态因素的显着影响。植物化学武器库和丰度受植物生活史形式的影响。系统发育效应和生态学都与跨物种的植物化学模式有关，尽管方式不同。植物化学防御浓度与武库成分的独立性表明，防御的这些方面可能会继续相互独立地发展。系统发育效应和生态学都与跨物种的植物化学模式有关，尽管方式不同。植物化学防御浓度与武库成分的独立性表明，防御的这些方面可能会继续相互独立地发展。系统发育效应和生态学都与跨物种的植物化学模式有关，尽管方式不同。植物化学防御浓度与武库成分的独立性表明，防御的这些方面可能会继续相互独立地发展。