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Age and ability differentiation in children: A review and empirical investigation.
Developmental Psychology ( IF 4.497 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-04 , DOI: 10.1037/dev0001147
Moritz Breit 1 , Martin Brunner 2 , Franzis Preckel 1
Affiliation  

Differentiation hypotheses concern changes in the structural organization of cognitive abilities that depend on the level of general intelligence (ability differentiation) or age (developmental differentiation). Part 1 of this article presents a review of the literature on ability and developmental differentiation effects in children, revealing the need for studies that examine both effects simultaneously in this age group with appropriate statistical methods. Part 2 presents an empirical study in which nonlinear factor analytic models were applied to the standardization sample (N = 2,619 German elementary schoolchildren; 48% female; age: M = 8.8 years, SD = 1.2, range 6-12 years) of the THINK 1-4 intelligence test to investigate ability differentiation, developmental differentiation, and their interaction. The sample was nationally representative regarding age, gender, urbanization, and geographic location of residence but not regarding parents' education and migration background (overrepresentation of children with more educated parents, underrepresentation of children with migration background). The results showed no consistent evidence for the presence of differentiation effects or their interaction. Instead, different patterns were observed for figural, numerical, and verbal reasoning. Implications for the construction of intelligence tests, the assessment of intelligence in children, and for theories of cognitive development are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译:

儿童的年龄和能力差异:综述和实证研究。

差异假设涉及认知能力的结构组织变化,该变化取决于一般智力水平(能力差异)或年龄(发育差异)。本文的第1部分介绍了有关儿童的能力和发育分化效应的文献综述,表明需要通过适当的统计方法同时研究该年龄组中这两种效应的研究。第2部分提供了一项实证研究,其中将非线性因素分析模型应用于THINK的标准化样本(N = 2,619名德国小学生; 48%是女性;年龄:M = 8.8岁,SD = 1.2,范围6-12岁)。 1-4智力测验,研究能力差异,发育差异及其相互作用。该样本在年龄,性别,城市化程度和居住地理位置方面具有全国代表性,但与父母的教育和移民背景无关(父母受过良好教育的孩子人数过多,有移民背景的孩子人数不足)。结果显示没有一致的证据表明存在分化作用或它们之间的相互作用。取而代之的是,在图形,数字和言语推理方面观察到了不同的模式。讨论了对智力测验的建设,对儿童智力的评估以及对认知发展的理论的意义。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2021 APA,保留所有权利)。教育和移民背景(父母受过良好教育的孩子人数过多,移民背景的孩子人数不足)。结果显示没有一致的证据表明存在分化作用或它们之间的相互作用。取而代之的是,在图形,数字和言语推理方面观察到了不同的模式。讨论了对智力测验的建设,对儿童智力的评估以及对认知发展的理论的意义。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2021 APA,保留所有权利)。教育和移民背景(父母受过良好教育的孩子人数过多,移民背景的孩子人数不足)。结果显示没有一致的证据表明存在分化作用或它们之间的相互作用。取而代之的是,在图形,数字和言语推理方面观察到了不同的模式。讨论了对智力测验的建设,对儿童智力的评估以及对认知发展的理论的意义。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2021 APA,保留所有权利)。数字和语言推理。讨论了对智力测验的建设,对儿童智力的评估以及对认知发展的理论的意义。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2021 APA,保留所有权利)。数字和语言推理。讨论了对智力测验的建设,对儿童智力的评估以及对认知发展的理论的意义。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2021 APA,保留所有权利)。
更新日期:2021-02-04
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