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Jumping to conclusions: Implications for reasoning errors, false belief, knowledge corruption, and impeded learning.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology ( IF 8.460 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-30 , DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000375
Carmen Sanchez 1 , David Dunning 2
Affiliation  

In schizophrenia research, patients who "jump to conclusions" in probabilistic reasoning tasks tend to display impaired decision-making and delusional belief. In five studies, we examined whether jumping to conclusions (JTC) was similarly associated with decision impairments in a nonclinical sample, such as reasoning errors, false belief, overconfidence, and diminished learning. In Studies 1a and 1b, JTC was associated with errors stimulated by automatic reasoning, oddball beliefs such as conspiracy theories, and overconfidence. We traced these deficits to an absence of controlled processing rather than to an undue impact of automatic thinking, while ruling out roles for plausible alternative individual differences. In Studies 2 and 3, JTC was associated with higher confidence despite diminished performance in a novel probabilistic learning task (i.e., diagnosing illnesses), in part because those who exhibited JTC behavior were prone to overly exuberant theorizing, with no or little data, about how to approach the task early on. In Study 4, we adapted intervention materials used in schizophrenia treatment to train participants to avoid JCT. The intervention quelled overconfidence in the probabilistic learning task. In summary, this research suggests that a fruitful crosstalk may exist between research on psychopathology and work on social cognition within the general public. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译:

过早下结论:推理错误、错误信念、知识腐败和学习障碍的影响。

在精神分裂症研究中,在概率推理任务中“草率下结论”的患者往往会表现出决策受损和妄想信念。在五项研究中,我们检查了在非临床样本中仓促下结论(JTC)是否与决策障碍(例如推理错误、错误信念、过度自信和学习能力下降)存在类似的相关性。在研究 1a 和 1b 中,JTC 与自动推理、阴谋论等奇怪信念和过度自信引发的错误有关。我们将这些缺陷追溯到缺乏受控处理,而不是自动思维的不当影响,同时排除了可能的替代个体差异的作用。在研究 2 和 3 中,尽管在新的概率学习任务(即诊断疾病)中表现有所下降,JTC 仍与较高的置信度相关,部分原因是那些表现出 JTC 行为的人倾向于过于丰富的理论,没有或很少有数据,关于如何尽早完成任务。在研究 4 中,我们调整了精神分裂症治疗中使用的干预材料,以训练参与者避免 JCT。这种干预平息了人们对概率学习任务的过度自信。总之,这项研究表明,精神病理学研究和公众社会认知研究之间可能存在富有成效的相互影响。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA,保留所有权利)。
更新日期:2020-11-30
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