The high infectivity and pathogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have caused the COVID-19 outbreak, one of the most devastating pandemics in more than a century. This pandemic has already left a trail of destruction, including enormous loss of life, a global economic slump, and widespread psychological damage. Despite assiduous world-wide endeavors, an effective cure for COVID-19 is still lacking. Surprisingly, infected neonates and children have relatively mild clinical manifestations and a much lower fatality rate than elderly adults. Recent studies have unambiguously demonstrated the vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from infected pregnant women to fetuses, which creates yet another challenge for disease prevention. In this review, we will summarize the molecular mechanism for entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells, the basis for the failure of the lungs and other organs in severe acute cases, and the evidence for congenital transmission.

中文翻译：

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SARS-CoV-2的进入，出口和垂直传播。

严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的高感染性和致病性已导致COVID-19爆发，这是一个多世纪以来最严重的流行病之一。这种大流行已经造成了毁灭性的痕迹，包括巨大的生命损失，全球经济衰退以及广泛的心理损害。尽管在世界范围内进行了艰苦的努力，但仍缺乏有效的COVID-19疗法。出人意料的是，受感染的新生儿和儿童的临床表现相对较温和，并且与老年人相比病死率低得多。最近的研究清楚地表明，SARS-CoV-2从受感染孕妇到胎儿的垂直传播，为疾病预防提出了又一个挑战。在这篇评论中，