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Global Governance of Human Genome Editing: What Are the Rules?
Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics ( IF 8.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-31 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-111320-091930
Gary E. Marchant

Human gene editing, particularly using the new CRISPR/Cas9 technology, will greatly increase the capability to make precise changes to human genomes. Human gene editing can be broken into four major categories: somatic therapy, heritable gene editing, genetic enhancement, and basic and applied research. Somatic therapy is generally well governed by national regulatory systems, so the need for global governance is less urgent. All nations are in agreement that heritable gene editing should not proceed at this time, but there is likely to be divergence if and when such procedures are shown to be safe and effective. Gene editing for enhancement purposes is not feasible today but is more controversial with the public, and many nations do not have well-developed regulatory systems for addressing genetic enhancement. Finally, different nations treat research with human embryos very differently based on deeply embedded social, cultural, ethical, and legal traditions. Several international governance mechanisms are currently in operation for human gene editing, and several other governance mechanisms have been proposed. It is unlikely that any single mechanism will alone be effective for governing human gene editing; rather, a polycentric or ecosystem approach that includes several overlapping and interacting components is likely to be necessary.

中文翻译:


人类基因组编辑的全球治理:规则是什么?

人类基因编辑,特别是使用新的 CRISPR/Cas9 技术,将大大提高对人类基因组进行精确更改的能力。人类基因编辑可分为四大类:体细胞治疗、可遗传基因编辑、基因增强、基础和应用研究。躯体疗法通常受到国家监管系统的良好管理,因此全球治理的需求不那么紧迫。所有国家都同意此时不应进行可遗传基因编辑,但如果此类程序被证明是安全有效的,则可能会出现分歧。用于增强目的的基因编辑在今天是不可行的,但在公众中更具争议,而且许多国家没有完善的监管系统来解决基因增强问题。最后,基于根深蒂固的社会、文化、伦理和法律传统,不同的国家对待人类胚胎研究的方式截然不同。目前有几种国际治理机制正在运行人类基因编辑,并且已经提出了其他几种治理机制。任何单一机制都不太可能单独有效地控制人类基因编辑。相反,可能需要一种包括若干重叠和相互作用的组成部分的多中心或生态系统方法。任何单一机制都不太可能单独有效地控制人类基因编辑。相反,可能需要一种包括若干重叠和相互作用的组成部分的多中心或生态系统方法。任何单一机制都不太可能单独有效地控制人类基因编辑。相反,可能需要一种包括若干重叠和相互作用的组成部分的多中心或生态系统方法。

更新日期:2021-09-01
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