Positive distinctiveness threat is central for understanding ingroup bias, but its role in gender differences in the expression of sexual prejudice is not yet satisfactorily elucidated. We analyzed this issue by proposing that sexual prejudice is a defensive reaction to ensure intergroup distinctiveness, so that heterosexual men are more prejudiced against homosexuals than heterosexual women because they strive more for positive distinctiveness. In Study 1 (N = 232), we found that men exhibited more prejudice against gay men than lesbians, while women did not significantly differentiate their prejudice against these target groups. In Study 2, we manipulated the target group of prejudice (gay men vs. lesbians) in a sample of heterosexual men (N = 79) and confirmed that they differentiated more between heterosexual men and gay men than between heterosexual women and lesbians. In Study 3 (N = 177), we manipulated the threat to the distinctiveness between the ingroup (i.e., heterosexual men and heterosexual women) and the outgroup (i.e., gay men and lesbians) and demonstrated that the perceived distinctiveness mediates the relationship between gender and sexual prejudice in men but not in women. Finally, in Study 4 (N = 75), we manipulated the distinctiveness threat for men and women and measured sexual prejudice by using an implicit measure. The results showed more implicit prejudice in men than in women when intergroup distinctiveness was threatened (vs. affirmed). Our results have important implications for understanding sexual prejudice by shedding light on the role played by the distinctiveness threat of gender differences in expressing homophobia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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性别和男性独特性威胁对同性恋偏见的影响。

积极的独特性威胁是理解内群体偏见的核心，但其在表达性偏见中的性别差异中的作用尚未得到令人满意的阐明。我们通过提出性偏见是一种防御性反应来分析这个问题，以确保群体间的独特性，因此异性恋男性比异性恋女性对同性恋者的偏见更大，因为他们更追求积极的独特性。在研究 1 (N = 232) 中，我们发现男性对男同性恋者的偏见多于女同性恋者，而女性对这些目标群体的偏见没有显着差异。在研究 2 中，我们操纵了偏见的目标群体（男同性恋与男同性恋）。女同性恋者）在异性恋男性样本中（N = 79），并证实他们在异性恋男性和男同性恋者之间的区别比在异性恋女性和女同性恋者之间的区别更大。在研究 3 (N = 177) 中，我们操纵了对内群体（即异性恋男性和异性恋女性）和外群体（即男同性恋和女同性恋者）之间独特性的威胁，并证明感知的独特性调节了性别之间的关系和男性的性偏见，而不是女性。最后，在研究 4 (N = 75) 中，我们操纵了男性和女性的独特性威胁，并通过使用隐式测量来衡量性偏见。结果表明，当群体间的独特性受到威胁时（与肯定相比），男性比女性更隐含偏见。我们的结果通过阐明性别差异的独特性威胁在表达同性恋恐惧症中所起的作用，对理解性偏见具有重要意义。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。