This study investigated the role of workplace preparedness actions in employee perceptions of workplace risk, workplace preparedness, and personal self-efficacy in an active shooter event. Data were drawn from an online, state representative survey of 668 Pennsylvania residents in 2019. Nearly 40% of employees reported their workplaces had not taken any preparedness actions. Having a workplace take a greater number of preparedness actions was associated with increased self-efficacy and increased perceptions of workplace preparedness, but also an increase in perceived risk. Males and gun owners perceived lower levels of workplace risk and reported substantially higher self-efficacy. However, associations between workplace efforts and self-efficacy differed from those for perceived workplace preparedness. Associations with firearm policy and the presence of security staff also differed for the two outcomes.

中文翻译：

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宾夕法尼亚州工作场所安全：员工对主动射击准备的看法。

本研究调查了工作场所准备行动在员工对工作场所风险、工作场所准备情况和主动射击事件中的个人自我效能感的看法中的作用。数据来自 2019 年对 668 名宾夕法尼亚州居民的在线州代表调查。近 40% 的员工表示他们的工作场所没有采取任何准备措施。让工作场所采取更多的准备行动与提高自我效能和增加对工作场所准备的看法有关，但也会增加感知风险。男性和枪支拥有者认为工作场所风险水平较低，并报告自我效能感显着提高。然而，工作场所努力与自我效能之间的关联与感知的工作场所准备之间的关联不同。