Insects that hatch in winter and early spring in desert and montane regions are likely to encounter extreme weather events, including precipitous drops in temperature. The susceptibility of insects to exposure to subzero temperatures is predicted to decrease with increasing latitude or elevation. Mormon crickets occur over a broad latitudinal range from southwestern United States to Canada and a broad elevational range from near sea-level to 3,000 m. Population declines have been attributed to late freezing events, but winter hatching suggests they may also be cold tolerant. Lower lethal temperature of high elevation populations in low latitude Arizona (AZ) and high latitude Wyoming (WY) was measured by exposing nymphs and adults to 6 h or 24 h of subzero temperature. From similar latitude, WY was compared with mid-elevation Idaho (ID) and low elevation Oregon (OR) populations. Contrary to the prediction, lethal temperature of third instar nymphs was lower in AZ than in the more northerly populations. Consistently, AZ was more tolerant of cold in early nymphal instars relative to populations from higher latitude. Early hatching at lower latitudes might increase the risk of early instars experiencing a severe cold snap relative to nymphs at high latitudes. Also, contrary to prediction, the lethal temperature of adults increased with elevation, whereas third instar nymphs from mid-elevation ID were the most susceptible to cold exposure. Cold tolerance in immature and mature stages is more likely to be uncoupled when life stages do not coincide, as with Mormon crickets.

中文翻译：

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若虫和成年摩门Cri的耐寒性的海拔和纬度变化（单翅目：T蝶科）。

在冬季和早春在沙漠和山地地区孵化的昆虫可能会遇到极端天气事件，包括温度急剧下降。昆虫暴露于零下温度的敏感性预计会随着纬度或海拔的升高而降低。从美国西南部到加拿大，摩门教发生在较宽的纬度范围内，而从近海平面到3,000 m则发生在较宽的仰角范围内。人口减少归因于晚冻事件，但冬季孵化表明它们也可能耐寒。通过将若虫和成虫暴露于零下6小时或24小时的温度来测量低纬度亚利桑那州（AZ）和高纬度怀俄明州（WY）高海拔种群的较低致死温度。从相似的纬度来看，将WY与中高海拔爱达荷州（ID）和低海拔俄勒冈州（OR）人群进行了比较。与该预测相反，亚利桑那州第三龄若虫的致死温度低于更北部的种群。一致地，相对于纬度较高的地区，AZ在早期的若虫幼虫中对寒冷的耐受性更高。相对于高纬度若虫，在低纬度地区早孵化可能会增加初龄幼虫经历严寒的风险。同样，与预测相反，成虫的致死温度随着海拔的升高而升高，而中等海拔ID的三龄若虫则最容易受到冷害。当生命阶段不一致时，未成熟阶段和成熟阶段的耐寒性很可能会脱钩，例如摩门。在亚利桑那州，三龄若虫的致死温度低于较北部的种群。一致地，相对于纬度较高的地区，AZ在早期的若虫幼虫中对寒冷的耐受性更高。相对于高纬度若虫，在低纬度地区早孵化可能会增加初龄幼虫经历严寒的风险。同样，与预测相反，成虫的致死温度随着海拔的升高而升高，而中等海拔ID的三龄若虫则最容易受到冷害。当生命阶段不一致时，未成熟阶段和成熟阶段的耐寒性很可能会脱钩，例如摩门。在亚利桑那州，三龄若虫的致死温度低于较北部的种群。一致地，相对于纬度较高的地区，AZ在早期的若虫幼虫中对寒冷的耐受性更高。相对于高纬度若虫，在低纬度地区早孵化可能会增加初龄幼虫经历严寒的风险。同样，与预测相反，成虫的致死温度随着海拔的升高而升高，而中等海拔ID的三龄若虫则最容易受到冷害。当生命阶段不一致时，未成熟阶段和成熟阶段的耐寒性很可能会脱钩，例如摩门。相对于纬度较高的地区，AZ在早期的若虫龄期中对寒冷的耐受性更高。相对于高纬度若虫，在低纬度地区早孵化可能会增加初龄幼虫经历严寒的风险。同样，与预测相反，成虫的致死温度随着海拔的升高而升高，而中等海拔ID的三龄若虫则最容易受到冷害。当生命阶段不一致时，未成熟阶段和成熟阶段的耐寒性很可能会脱钩，例如摩门。相对于纬度较高的地区，AZ在早期的若虫龄期中对寒冷的耐受性更高。相对于高纬度若虫，在低纬度地区早孵化可能会增加初龄幼虫经历严寒的风险。同样，与预测相反，成虫的致死温度随着海拔的升高而升高，而中等海拔ID的三龄若虫则最容易受到冷害。当生命阶段不一致时，未成熟阶段和成熟阶段的耐寒性很可能会脱钩，例如摩门。而处于中海拔高度的三龄若虫若虫则最容易受到冷害。当生命阶段不一致时，未成熟阶段和成熟阶段的耐寒性很可能会脱钩，例如摩门。而处于中海拔高度的三龄若虫若虫则最容易受到冷害。当生命阶段不一致时，未成熟阶段和成熟阶段的耐寒性很可能会脱钩，例如摩门。