Post Translational Modification (PTM) is the process in which covalent addition of functional groups on protein happens to maintain their structure, function and stability. Every PTM process in our living system happens to increase the functional diversity of protein. But sometimes it happens without any regulation and occurrence of this specific change in proteins are leading to autoimmunity. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one such chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease that affects joints. Proper treatment can be manageable for RA, but it is not completely curable. Delayed diagnosis of RA can cause severe bone pain, stiffness, inflammation, redness in joints and affect other parts of the body such as liver, kidney etc. Early diagnosis of disease is preferable to cure it effectively. Currently, Rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated cyclic peptide (Anti-CCP) are considered as biomarkers to diagnose RA. Other than citrullination several other PTM's are also involved in generation of autoantibodies such as, carbamylation, glycosylation, glycation, acetylation, ubiquitination, proteolysis, phosphorylation, lipidation. Aim of this review is to elucidate several considerable changes in form, nature and function of above PTMs in RA, affecting joints and day to day life. This review will give a recent overview on the role of PTMs in the pathogenesis of RA, focusing on the modifications.

中文翻译：

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类风湿关节炎的翻译后修饰及其病理学关联：简要介绍。

翻译后修饰（PTM）是在蛋白质上共价添加官能团以维持其结构，功能和稳定性的过程。我们生命系统中的每个PTM过程都在增加蛋白质的功能多样性。但是有时它会在没有任何调节的情况下发生，蛋白质这种特定变化的发生会导致自身免疫。类风湿关节炎（RA）是一种影响关节的慢性炎症性自身免疫性疾病。对于RA，正确的治疗是可以控制的，但不能完全治愈。迟发性RA的诊断可能会导致严重的骨痛，僵硬，发炎，关节发红，并影响身体的其他部位，例如肝脏，肾脏等。疾病的早期诊断对于有效治愈它是可取的。现在，类风湿因子（RF）和抗瓜氨酸环肽（Anti-CCP）被认为是诊断RA的生物标记。除瓜氨酸化外，其他几种PTM也参与自身抗体的产生，例如氨基甲酰化，糖基化，糖基化，乙酰化，泛素化，蛋白水解，磷酸化，脂质化。这篇综述的目的是阐明RA中上述PTM的形式，性质和功能的若干重大变化，从而影响关节和日常生活。本文将就PTM在RA发病机理中的作用进行近期综述，重点是修饰。蛋白水解，磷酸化，脂化。这篇综述的目的是阐明RA中上述PTM的形式，性质和功能的若干重大变化，从而影响关节和日常生活。本文将就PTM在RA发病机理中的作用进行近期综述，重点是修饰。蛋白水解，磷酸化，脂化。这篇综述的目的是阐明RA中上述PTM的形式，性质和功能的若干重大变化，从而影响关节和日常生活。本文将就PTM在RA发病机理中的作用进行近期综述，重点是修饰。