Halyomorpha halys (Stål) is an invasive pest in the United States and other countries. In its native range, H. halys eggs are parasitized by a co-evolved parasitoid, Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead). In the United States, T. japonicus, a classical biological control candidate, is being redistributed in many states where adventive populations exist. To establish if H. halys egg holding conditions affect T. japonicus foraging behavior or successful parasitism, naïve, female parasitoids from an adventive population were allowed to forage in laboratory bioassay arenas with either fresh or frozen (−20 or −80°C) egg masses, the latter held for five durations ranging from 1 h to 112 d. Parasitoid movements were recorded for 1 h. Thereafter, parasitoids were transferred with the same egg mass for 23 h. Additionally, female parasitoids from a quarantine colony were exposed to: 1) pairs of fresh egg masses and egg masses frozen at −40°C (>24 h) or 2) a single fresh egg mass or egg mass frozen at −40°C (<1 h). All exposed egg masses were held to assess progeny emergence. In the foraging bioassay, holding temperature and storage duration appeared to influence host-finding and host quality. Egg masses held at −80°C and fresh egg masses resulted in significantly greater levels of parasitism and progeny emergence compared with eggs held at −20°C. No differences were recorded between egg masses held at −40°C for ≤1 h and fresh egg masses. These results will help refine methods for preparation of egg masses for sentinel monitoring and parasitoid mass rearing protocols.

中文翻译：

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Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) 卵的保存条件和储存时间对 Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) 的到来和检疫种群行为和寄生成功的影响

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) 是美国和其他国家的入侵性害虫。在其原生范围内，H. halys 卵被共同进化的寄生蜂 Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) 寄生。在美国，一种经典的生物防治候选物 T. japonicus 正在许多存在外来种群的州重新分布。为了确定 H. halys 产卵条件是否影响 T. japonicus 觅食行为或成功寄生，允许来自外来种群的幼稚雌性寄生蜂在实验室生物测定场所用新鲜或冷冻（-20 或 -80°C）卵进行觅食群众，后者举行了五个持续时间，从 1 小时到 112 天不等。记录寄生虫运动 1 小时。此后，用相同的卵块转移寄生蜂 23 小时。此外，将来自隔离区的雌性寄生蜂暴露于：1) 成对的新鲜卵块和冷冻于 -40°C (>24 小时) 的卵块或 2) 单个新鲜卵块或冷冻于 -40°C 的卵块 ( ＜1h)。保持所有暴露的卵块以评估后代的出现。在觅食生物测定中，保温温度和储存时间似乎会影响寄主的发现和寄主质量。与保持在-20°C 的鸡蛋相比，保持在-80°C 的卵块和新鲜的鸡蛋块导致寄生和后代出现的水平明显更高。在-40°C 下保持≤1 小时的卵块与新鲜卵块之间没有记录到差异。这些结果将有助于改进用于前哨监测和寄生蜂群饲养方案的卵块制备方法。gt;24 h) 或 2) 单个新鲜蛋块或在 -40°C (<1 h) 冷冻的蛋块。保持所有暴露的卵块以评估后代的出现。在觅食生物测定中，保温温度和储存时间似乎会影响寄主的发现和寄主质量。与保持在-20°C 的鸡蛋相比，保持在-80°C 的卵块和新鲜的鸡蛋块导致寄生和后代出现的水平明显更高。在-40°C 下保持≤1 小时的卵块与新鲜卵块之间没有记录到差异。这些结果将有助于改进用于前哨监测和寄生蜂群饲养方案的卵块制备方法。gt;24 h) 或 2) 单个新鲜蛋块或在 -40°C (<1 h) 冷冻的蛋块。保持所有暴露的卵块以评估后代的出现。在觅食生物测定中，保温温度和储存时间似乎会影响寄主的发现和寄主质量。与保持在-20°C 的鸡蛋相比，保持在-80°C 的卵块和新鲜的鸡蛋块导致寄生和后代出现的水平明显更高。在-40°C 下保持≤1 小时的卵块与新鲜卵块之间没有记录到差异。这些结果将有助于改进用于前哨监测和寄生蜂群饲养方案的卵块制备方法。保温温度和储存时间似乎会影响寄主的发现和寄主质量。与保持在-20°C 的鸡蛋相比，保持在-80°C 的卵块和新鲜的鸡蛋块导致寄生和后代出现的水平明显更高。在-40°C 下保持≤1 小时的卵块与新鲜卵块之间没有记录到差异。这些结果将有助于改进用于前哨监测和寄生蜂群饲养方案的卵块制备方法。保温温度和储存时间似乎会影响寄主的发现和寄主质量。与保持在-20°C 的鸡蛋相比，保持在-80°C 的卵块和新鲜的鸡蛋块导致寄生和后代出现的水平明显更高。在-40°C 下保持≤1 小时的卵块与新鲜卵块之间没有记录到差异。这些结果将有助于改进用于前哨监测和寄生蜂群饲养方案的卵块制备方法。