Being sessile organisms, plants are persistently confronted by a diverse array of biotic agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, herbivores and nematodes. So, understanding the mechanism of host-pathogen interactions is essential for improving plant resistance to these against biotic factors. In this review, we have discussed various means and mechanisms by which pathogens influence the host plant defense. A virulent pathogen can reduce the growth and development of a plant, which eventually lowers its yield by multiple processes, like enhancement in cell death, as well as modification of plant architecture. This review also explains the various strategies used by plants to control pathogen caused diseases. These mainly include either resistance or tolerance by activating cell signaling pathways, which further regulate the synthesis and accumulation of several cellular products, such as phytohormones, enzymes, proteins and secondary metabolites. To minimize the influence of infection on their vigor, plants also exhibit immunity regardless of the heights of pathogen multiplication. The current review provides an important insight into the mechanisms of host-pathogen interaction, which is very significant for efficient disease management.

中文翻译：

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病原胁迫下的植物防御机制：综述。

作为固着生物，植物一直面临着各种各样的生物制剂，包括病毒，细菌，真菌，草食动物和线虫。因此，了解宿主-病原体相互作用的机制对于提高植物对生物因子的抵抗力至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了病原体影响宿主植物防御的各种手段和机制。强大的病原体可以减少植物的生长和发育，最终通过多个过程降低其产量，例如增加细胞死亡以及改变植物结构。这篇综述还解释了植物用来控制病原体引起的疾病的各种策略。这些主要包括通过激活细胞信号传导途径的耐药性或耐受性，它进一步调节了几种细胞产物（例如植物激素，酶，蛋白质和次级代谢产物）的合成和积累。为了最大程度地减少感染对其活力的影响，无论病原体的繁殖高度如何，植物也都具有免疫力。本综述提供了对宿主-病原体相互作用机制的重要见解，这对于有效的疾病管理非常重要。