This study examined whether age differences in risky decision making are dependent on known probability and value of outcomes (i.e., the expected value [EV]), the valence of anticipated outcomes (gains or losses), and individual differences in working memory and impulsivity. We used a task that varied risk independently from EV so that taking risks could be advantageous or disadvantageous. Results indicated differential developmental courses for the sensitivity to EV and outcome valence from early to late adolescence. An increase in risk-advantageous but a decrease in risk-disadvantageous behavior was obtained between early-to-mid and late adolescence. All adolescents showed higher risky behavior when losses rather than gains were expected. Age differences in the sensitivity to EV were fully mediated by individual differences in working memory but not by self-reported impulsivity, suggesting that decision making under known risk is strongly limited by the maturation of cognitive control processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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已知风险下决策的年龄差异：工作记忆和冲动的作用。

该研究检查了风险决策中的年龄差异是否取决于结果的已知概率和价值（即，预期值 [EV]）、预期结果的效价（收益或损失）以及工作记忆和冲动的个体差异。我们使用了一个独立于 EV 改变风险的任务，因此冒险可能是有利的或不利的。结果表明，从青春期早期到晚期，对 EV 的敏感性和结果效价的发展过程存在差异。在青春期早期到中期和晚期之间获得了风险有利行为的增加但风险不利行为的减少。当预期损失而不是收益时，所有青少年都表现出更高的风险行为。对 EV 敏感性的年龄差异完全由工作记忆的个体差异介导，而不是由自我报告的冲动性介导，这表明在已知风险下的决策受到认知控制过程成熟的强烈限制。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。