Nature's contributions to people (NCP) are fundamental to human well-being. In particular, non-material NCP, defined as effects on personal perspectives which enhance people's quality of life, are currently the most abstract and least well-defined NCP. Avian scavengers are a globally threatened guild that plays a key role in our society but currently only valued for their NCP of disease control and carcass removal. We describe the first economic valuation of the recreational and educational experiences brought by avian scavenger-based tourism in Spain, concretely, at vulture supplementary feeding sites (SFS) in the Pyrenees and their important contribution to the incomes of the local human population. Between February 2018 and January 2020, we collected information on the management and characteristics of 53 (c. 80%) of the Pyrenean SFS using telephone interviews and questionnaires. We estimated that photography and avian scavenger-watching at SFS produce an average of US $4.90 ± 2.67 million annually, including US $2.53 ± 1.36 million in direct economic benefits to the local population. Using a conservative economic approach, this study is one of only a few to value some of the important non-material contribution provided by avian scavengers to our society. Our study also suggests that further research on non-material NCP provided by avian scavengers at SFS is needed. Finally, we discuss the delicate balance between recreational experiences arising from wildlife-based tourism and biodiversity conservation, contrasting the contribution of SFS to the income of local human populations against the problems they raise for vulture conservation.

大自然对人类的贡献对人类的福祉至关重要。特别地，非物质NCP被定义为对个人观点的影响，可以提高人们的生活质量，是目前最抽象，定义最不明确的NCP。鸟类清道夫是一个受到全球威胁的行会，在我们的社会中扮演着重要角色，但目前仅因其疾病控制和car体清除的NCP而受到重视。我们将对西班牙以禽类拾荒者为基础的旅游业带来的娱乐和教育经历进行首次经济评估，具体说来是在比利牛斯山的秃supplement辅助饲养场（SFS）及其对当地人口收入的重要贡献。在2018年2月至2020年1月之间，我们收集了有关53（c。80％的比利牛斯山脉SFS使用电话采访和问卷调查。我们估计，SFS的摄影和禽类观赏者每年平均可产生4.9美元±267万美元，其中包括2.53美元±136万美元对当地居民的直接经济收益。使用保守的经济方法，这项研究是少数几个珍视鸟类清道夫对我们社会提供的重要非物质贡献的研究之一。我们的研究还表明，有必要对SFS禽类清道夫提供的非物质NCP进行进一步研究。最后，我们讨论了以野生生物为基础的旅游业带来的娱乐体验与生物多样性保护之间的微妙平衡，将SFS对当地人口收入的贡献与他们为秃鹰养护而引发的问题进行了对比。