Objectives

Medicinal plants continue to gain popularity on a global scale. Besides, there is a need for discovering new antibacterial natural extracts that could be used as antibiotics alternatives against resistant bacteria. In this respect, the aim of this study was to determine the phytochemicals, antioxidant activity, calorific nutritional value and antibacterial potential of four traditionally used wild medicinal plants (Achillea fragrantissima (Delile) Hayne, Teucrium polium L., Peganum harmala L. and Solenostemma argel (Forssk.) Sch. Bip. grow in Saint Catherine Protectorate, South Sinai, Egypt.

Methods

Standard methods were applied to determine the proximate composition, calorific nutritional value, secondary metabolites (phenolics and flavonoids), antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH^·), ferrous ion chelating (FIC), 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS⁺) and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) techniques in addition to the antibacterial potential of the active aqueous extracts by broth dilution technique.

Results

The results obtained illustrated that T. polium recorded the highest nutritional calorific value (205.63 ± 5.76 calories/100 g dried plant), total phenolics (8.057 ± 0.322 g gallic acid equivalent/100 g dried plant), total flavonoids (2.013 ± 0.034 g catechin equivalent/ 100 g dried plant and antioxidant scavenging activity using DPPH (EC₅₀ = 1.84 mg extract/g DPPH), FIC (IC₅₀ = 0.068 mg extract/ml), ABTS (61.11%) and FRAP (2185.71 mmol Fe (II)/g extract) assays followed descendingly by A. fragrantissima, S. argel and P. harmala, respectively. There was direct relation between the flavonoids/ phenolics ratios and the radical scavenging activity among all extracts. Regarding the antibacterial potential, the extracts expressed broader antibacterial spectrum against Bacillus cereus (ATCC®11778™), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC®19659™), Escherichia coli (ATCC®10536™), klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC®10031™), Listeria innocua (ATCC®33090™), Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC®19115™), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC®9027™), salmonella enterica (ATCC®15479™) and Salmonella typhimurium)ATCC®14028™(strains. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the extracts estimated using broth dilution assay ranged from 0.049 to 1.56 mg/ml. T. polium extract possessed the highest activity among all other extracts.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the studied medicinal plants could be used as nutritional supplements, antioxidants and antibacterial botanicals for combating some of the pathogenic bacteria.

中文翻译：

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一些传统医学中使用的埃及药用植物的抗菌和抗氧化潜力

目标

药用植物在全球范围内继续普及。此外，还需要发现新的天然抗菌提取物，可用作抗药性细菌的抗生素替代品。在这方面，本研究的目的是确定四种传统使用的野生药用植物（Achillea fragrantissima（Delile）Hayne，Teucrium polium L.，Peganum harmala L.和Solenostemma ）的植物化学成分，抗氧化活性，热营养价值和抗菌潜力。argel（Forssk。）Sch。Bip。生长在埃及南西奈的圣凯瑟琳保护区。

方法

应用标准方法测定其附近的成分，热值，次生代谢产物（酚和类黄酮），2,2-二苯基-1-吡啶并肼基（DPPH ^·），亚铁离子螯合（FIC），2,2'的抗氧化活性除了通过肉汤稀释技术去除活性水提取物的抗菌潜力外，还可以使用-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazolineline-6-sulphonic acid（ABTS ⁺）和三价铁还原抗氧化剂（FRAP）技术。

结果

所获得的结果表明，T。polium的营养热值最高（205.63±5.76卡路里/ 100 g干燥植物），总酚类（8.057±0.322 g没食子酸/ 100 g干燥植物），总类黄酮（2.013±0.034 g）儿茶素当量/ 100 g干植物和使用DPPH（EC ₅₀  = 1.84 mg提取物/ g DPPH），FIC（IC ₅₀  = 0.068 mg提取物/ ml），ABTS（61.11％）和FRAP（2185.71 mmol铁（II）的清除活性）/ g提取物）分析之后依次是A. fragrantissima，S。argel和P. harmala，分别。在所有提取物中，类黄酮/酚类比率与自由基清除活性之间存在直接关系。关于抗菌潜力，提取物对表达更广泛的抗菌谱蜡状芽孢杆菌 （ATCC®11778™） ，枯草芽孢杆菌（ATCC®19659™） ，大肠杆菌（ATCC®10536™） ，肺炎克雷伯氏菌（ATCC®10031™） ，无害利斯特氏菌（ATCC®33090™），单核细胞增生性李斯特菌（ATCC®19115™），铜绿假单胞菌（ATCC®9027™），肠炎沙门氏菌（ ATCC®15479™）和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌）ATCC®14028™（菌株。使用肉汤稀释法测得的提取物的最低抑菌浓度范围为0.049至1.56 mg / ml。T. activity提取物在所有其他提取物中具有最高的活性。

结论

总之，所研究的药用植物可用作抗击某些病原细菌的营养补充剂，抗氧化剂和抗菌植物药。