The maintenance of a tightly regulated heart lipidome is a general hallmark of mammal health. However, in the case of cetaceans, heart tissue lipid composition remains obscure. This work represents a first in-depth state-of-the-art characterization of the lipid content of small cetacean hearts, namely those of Delphinus delphis, Phocoena phocoena, and Stenella coeruleoalba. Phospholipid classes identified were similar to those found in terrestrial mammals. Regarding fatty acid profiles, they revealed a much higher n-3 fatty acid content than that reported for terrestrial counterparts. Phospholipidome characterization allowed identification of 198 lipid species, including phospholipids, lysophospholipids, and sphingomyelins, generally characterized by a high content of species with esterified n-3 fatty acids. The cardiac lipid profile of the three cetacean species is similar in terms of lipid classes, fatty acids, and even molecular lipid species present. However, quantitative differences suggest a divergence of S. coeruleoalba from the other species in terms of fatty acid and phospholipid profile. The identified differences regarding terrestrial counterparts will contribute to better understanding the details of small cetacean cardiac physiology. Moreover, the characterization of cardiac phospholipidome may represent an opportunity to establish lipidomic-based practical tools to reliably and reproducibly assess small cetacean health population status by remote sampling.

中文翻译：

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小鲸类心脏磷脂组的表征为间接人口健康筛查提供了适应性洞察力和基础

维持严格调控的心脏脂质组是哺乳动物健康的一般标志。然而，在鲸类的情况下，心脏组织脂质成分仍然不清楚。这项工作代表了对小型鲸类动物心脏脂质含量的首次深入最先进的表征，即Delphinus delphis、Phocoena phocoena和Stenella coeruleoalba。鉴定出的磷脂类别与在陆生哺乳动物中发现的相似。关于脂肪酸谱，他们揭示了更高的n-3 脂肪酸含量比报告的陆地对应物高。磷脂组表征允许鉴定 198 种脂质，包括磷脂、溶血磷脂和鞘磷脂，通常以具有酯化n -3 脂肪酸的物质含量高为特征。三种鲸类动物的心脏脂质谱在脂质类别、脂肪酸甚至分子脂质种类方面相似。然而，数量上的差异表明S. coeruleoalba在脂肪酸和磷脂分布方面与其他物种不同。关于陆地对应物的已识别差异将有助于更好地了解小型鲸类心脏生理学的细节。此外，心脏磷脂组的表征可能代表一个机会，可以建立基于脂质组学的实用工具，以通过远程采样可靠且可重复地评估小型鲸类动物的健康状况。