Heparins and sulfated polysaccharides have been recognized as effective clinical anticoagulants for several decades. Heparins exhibit heterogeneity depending on the sources. Meanwhile, the adverse effect in the clinical uses and the adulteration of oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (OSCS) in heparins develop additional attention to analyze the purity of heparins. This review starts with the description of the classification, anticoagulant mechanism, clinical application of heparins and focuses on the existing methods of heparin analysis and detection including traditional detection methods, as well as new methods using fluorescence or gold nanomaterials as probes. The in-depth understanding of these techniques for the analysis of heparins will lay a foundation for the further development of novel methods for the detection of heparins.

中文翻译：

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临床用肝素的检测技术

肝素和硫酸化多糖几十年来一直被认为是有效的临床抗凝剂。肝素根据来源表现出异质性。同时，肝素的临床应用中的不利影响和过硫酸软骨素硫酸盐（OSCS）的掺假引起了人们对肝素纯度分析的更多关注。这篇综述从描述肝素的分类，抗凝机制，临床应用开始，并着重于肝素分析和检测的现有方法，包括传统的检测方法，以及使用荧光或金纳米材料作为探针的新方法。对这些用于肝素分析的技术的深入了解将为进一步开发检测肝素的新方法奠定基础。