Lima is considered one of the cities with the highest air pollution in Latin America. Institutions such as DIGESA, PROTRANSPORTE and SENAMHI are in charge of permanently monitoring air quality; therefore, the air quality visualization system must manage large amounts of data of different concentrations. In this study, a spatio-temporal visualization approach was developed for the exploration of data of the PM${}_{10}$ concentration in Metropolitan Lima, where the spatial behavior, at different time scales, of hourly concentrations of PM${}_{10}$ are analyzed using basic and specialized charts. The results show that the stations located to the east side of the metropolitan area had the highest concentrations, in contrast to the stations located in the center and north that reported better air quality. According to the temporal variation, the station with the highest average of biannual and annual PM${}_{10}$ was the HCH station. The highest PM${}_{10}$ concentrations were registered in 2018, during the summer, highlighting the month of March with daily averages that reached 435 μ$\mathsf{\mu }$g/m${}^3$. During the study period, the CRB was the station that recorded the lowest concentrations and the only one that met the Environmental Quality Standard for air quality. The proposed approach exposes a sequence of steps for the elaboration of charts with increasingly specific time periods according to their relevance, and a statistical analysis, such as the dynamic temporal correlation, that allows to obtain a detailed visualization of the spatio-temporal variations of PM${}_{10}$ concentrations. Furthermore, it was concluded that the meteorological variables do not indicate a causal relationship with respect to PM${}_{10}$ levels, but rather that the concentrations of particulate material are related to the urban characteristics of each district.

中文翻译：

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利马大都会PM10浓度数据的时空可视化方法

利马被认为是拉丁美洲空气污染最高的城市之一。DIGESA，PROTRANSPORTE和SENAMHI等机构负责永久性监测空气质量；因此，空气质量可视化系统必须管理大量不同浓度的数据。在这项研究中，时空可视化方法被开发用于探索PM的数据${}_{10}$ 利马都会区的浓度，其中不同时间尺度的每小时PM浓度的空间行为${}_{10}$使用基本和专用图表进行分析。结果表明，位于大都市区东侧的站点浓度最高，而位于中部和北部的站点的空气质量较好。根据时间变化，双年度和年度PM平均值最高的台站${}_{10}$是HCH站。最高PM${}_{10}$ 夏季在2018年登记了浓度，突出显示了3月，日均值达到435 μ$\mathsf{\mu }$克/米${}^3$。在研究期间，CRB是记录最低浓度的站点，也是唯一符合空气质量环境质量标准的站点。所提出的方法揭示了根据其相关性越来越详细的时间段来详细说明图表的步骤序列，以及统计分析（例如动态时间相关性），该统计分析允许获得PM时空变化的详细可视化${}_{10}$浓度。此外，得出的结论是，气象变量并不表示与PM相关的因果关系${}_{10}$ 水平，而是颗粒物质的浓度与每个地区的城市特征有关。