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Multivariate Regression Between Hounsfield Unit Shift, Tissue Temperature, and Tissue Contraction: A Feasibility Study of Computed Tomography Thermometry
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement ( IF 5.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-22 , DOI: 10.1109/tim.2021.3075019
Daryl Tan , Kok-Sing Lim , Yin-How Wong , Hani Hareiza Abd Raziff , Soon-Hao Tan , Norshazriman Sulaiman , Basri Johan Jeet Abdullah , Harith Ahmad , Chai-Hong Yeong

This study aims to determine the relationship between Hounsfield Unit shift ( $\Delta {\mathrm{ HU}}$ ), tissue temperature change ( $\Delta T$ ), and tissue’s relative cross-sectional area change ( $\Delta A$ ) of ex vivo bovine liver tissues. The fresh bovine livers ( $n = 3$ ) were heated from 21 °C to 100 °C within 24 min using a custom-made ceramic hot plate and left for cooling to room temperature (~70 min). HU and tissue temperature measurement were obtained at 3-min intervals during the experiment. After that, the cross-sectional tissue area changes, and $\Delta A$ was calculated. Finally, a multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between $\Delta {\mathrm{ HU}}$ , $\Delta T$ , and $\Delta A$ . The results were compared with that of the conventional $\Delta {\mathrm{ HU}}$ - $\Delta T$ linear model. Tissues that underwent a larger thermal dose experienced a higher degree of tissue contraction, an irreversible process that contributed to the non-linear behavior in the $\Delta {\mathrm{ HU}}$ - $\Delta T$ characteristic curve. This finding was in agreement with the histological test, in which the tissues nearer to the heat source had higher cell counts than those farther away. A phenomenological equation for $\Delta {\mathrm{ HU}}$ in the function of $\Delta T$ and $\Delta A$ shows better regression with the experimental data ( $R^{2} \in $ [0.838, 0.977]) than the conventional $\Delta {\mathrm{ HU}}$ - $\Delta T$ linear model. This finding indicates that tissue contraction is an important parameter to be considered in the development of CT thermometry. The $\Delta {\mathrm{ HU}}$ - $\Delta T$ - $\Delta A$ characteristic equation presented in this work offers accurate estimation of tissue temperature based on the HU change and magnitude of tissue contraction during a CT-guided thermal ablation procedure.

中文翻译:

Hounsfield单位位移,组织温度和组织收缩之间的多元回归:计算机断层摄影测温的可行性研究

这项研究旨在确定Hounsfield单位移位( $ \ Delta {\ mathrm {HU}} $ ),组织温度变化( $ \ Delta T $ ),以及组织的相对横截面积变化( $ \ Delta A $ )离体牛肝组织。新鲜的牛肝( $ n = 3 $ 用定制的陶瓷热板在24分钟内将)从21°C加热到100°C,然后冷却至室温(〜70分钟)。在实验过程中,每隔3分钟获取一次HU和组织温度测量值。之后,横截面组织面积发生变化,并且 $ \ Delta A $ 被计算了。最后,进行了多元线性回归分析,以确定之间的关系。 $ \ Delta {\ mathrm {HU}} $ $ \ Delta T $ , 和 $ \ Delta A $ 。将结果与常规结果进行比较 $ \ Delta {\ mathrm {HU}} $ -- $ \ Delta T $ 线性模型。接受较大热剂量的组织会经历较高程度的组织收缩,这是不可逆的过程,导致组织中的非线性行为。 $ \ Delta {\ mathrm {HU}} $ -- $ \ Delta T $ 特征曲线。这一发现与组织学测试一致,在组织学测试中,靠近热源的组织的细胞计数高于远离热源的组织。的现象学方程 $ \ Delta {\ mathrm {HU}} $ 在...的功能上 $ \ Delta T $ $ \ Delta A $ 与实验数据相比显示出更好的回归( $ R ^ {2} \ in $ [0.838,0.977]) $ \ Delta {\ mathrm {HU}} $ -- $ \ Delta T $ 线性模型。该发现表明组织收缩是CT测温法发展中要考虑的重要参数。这 $ \ Delta {\ mathrm {HU}} $ -- $ \ Delta T $ -- $ \ Delta A $ 这项工作中提出的特征方程式可根据CT引导的热消融过程中的HU变化和组织收缩的幅度,提供对组织温度的准确估计。
更新日期:2021-05-07
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