The effects of self–other decision-making on intertemporal choice have been revealed in many studies using a monetary outcome. However, the outcome of intertemporal choice is not restricted to money; time is also a scarce and nonrenewable resource outcome. Thus, we conducted a series of experiments to address the effects of self–other decision-making on time-based intertemporal choice, a type of intertemporal choice that uses time as an outcome. Over the course of three experiments, differences in self–other decision-making were evidenced. Participants who made decisions for others were more likely to prefer the smaller but sooner (SS) option over the larger but later (LL) option and considered the gain of the SS option to be significantly greater than that of the LL option. Participants who made decisions for themselves were likely to prefer the LL option over the SS option. However, they considered the gains of the LL and the SS option to be indifferent. Changing the role of decision-making could affect the ability of individuals to consider the future consequences of their decisions. The effects of self–other decision-making on time-based intertemporal choice could be explained by the accounts of economic reasoning and construal level theory. The findings indicated that the effects of self–other decision-making on time-based intertemporal choice, which could be generated simply by rewording questions, can help individuals make optimal long-term choices without the need for increased control.

中文翻译：

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自我-他者决策对基于时间的跨期选择的影响

许多使用货币结果的研究已经揭示了自我-他者决策对跨期选择的影响。然而，跨期选择的结果不仅限于金钱；时间也是一种稀缺且不可再生的资源结果。因此，我们进行了一系列实验来解决自我-他人决策对基于时间的跨期选择的影响，这是一种使用时间作为结果的跨期选择。在三个实验过程中，证明了自我-他人决策的差异。为他人做决定的参与者更有可能更喜欢较小但较早 (SS) 的选项，而不是较大但较晚 (LL) 的选项，并认为 SS 选项的收益明显大于 LL 选项的收益。为自己做出决定的参与者可能更喜欢 LL 选项而不是 SS 选项。然而，他们认为 LL 和 SS 期权的收益无关紧要。改变决策的角色可能会影响个人考虑其决策未来后果的能力。自我-他者决策对基于时间的跨期选择的影响可以通过经济推理和解释水平理论的解释来解释。研究结果表明，自我-他者决策对基于时间的跨期选择的影响，可以简单地通过改写问题来产生，可以帮助个人做出最佳的长期选择，而无需增加控制。改变决策的角色可能会影响个人考虑其决策未来后果的能力。自我-他者决策对基于时间的跨期选择的影响可以通过经济推理和解释水平理论的解释来解释。研究结果表明，自我-他者决策对基于时间的跨期选择的影响，可以简单地通过改写问题来产生，可以帮助个人做出最佳的长期选择，而无需增加控制。改变决策的角色可能会影响个人考虑其决策未来后果的能力。自我-他者决策对基于时间的跨期选择的影响可以通过经济推理和解释水平理论的解释来解释。研究结果表明，自我-他者决策对基于时间的跨期选择的影响，可以简单地通过改写问题来产生，可以帮助个人做出最佳的长期选择，而无需增加控制。