Host cell lipids play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of respiratory virus infection. However, a direct comparison of the lipidomic profile of influenza virus and rhinovirus infections is lacking. In this study, we first compared the lipid profile of influenza virus and rhinovirus infection in a bronchial epithelial cell line. Most lipid features were downregulated for both influenza virus and rhinovirus, especially for the sphingomyelin features. Pathway analysis showed that sphingolipid metabolism was the most perturbed pathway. Functional study showed that bacterial sphingomyelinase suppressed influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication, but promoted rhinovirus replication. These findings suggest that sphingomyelin pathway can be a potential target for antiviral therapy, but should be carefully evaluated as it has opposite effects on different respiratory viruses. Furthermore, the differential effect of sphingomyelinase on rhinovirus and influenza virus may explain the interference between rhinovirus and influenza virus infection.

中文翻译：

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鞘磷脂在Calu-3细胞的流感病毒，鼻病毒和SARS-CoV-2感染中的差异作用

宿主细胞脂质在呼吸道病毒感染的发病机理中起关键作用。然而，缺乏对流感病毒和鼻病毒感染的脂质组学特征的直接比较。在这项研究中，我们首先比较了支气管上皮细胞系中流感病毒和鼻病毒感染的脂质分布。对于流感病毒和鼻病毒，大多数脂质特征均被下调，特别是对于鞘磷脂特征。途径分析表明鞘脂代谢是最受干扰的途径。功能研究表明，细菌鞘磷脂酶可抑制流感病毒和严重的急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）复制，但可促进鼻病毒复制。这些发现表明，鞘磷脂途径可能是抗病毒治疗的潜在靶点，但应谨慎评估，因为它对不同的呼吸道病毒有相反的作用。此外，鞘磷脂酶对鼻病毒和流感病毒的差异作用可能解释了鼻病毒和流感病毒感染之间的干扰。