ABSTRACT

False heads have been a recurring accessory for Andean mummies since the Middle Horizon (ca AD750-1000). Made of ceramic, wood, or cloth, they show schematic human features and are placed on the funerary bundles that contain the bodies of the deceased. From a corpus of nearly 80 pieces from the Pachacamac site (excavations and museum collections), a typology is proposed, accompanied by a chronology based on a series of absolute dates. False heads also have recurring characteristics that allow us to understand their particular function. It appears that these objects are associated with certain important ancestors, whom their descendants worshiped. They were active agents, participants in the ritual traditions discussed ethnohistorically. The false head plays a crucial role in the relationship between the dead and the living and sheds light on the specific ontological position of the dead in the ancient Andes.

摘要

自中地平线（约公元 750-1000 年）以来，假头一直是安第斯木乃伊经常出现的配件。它们由陶瓷、木材或布料制成，展示了人体特征的示意图，并被放置在装有死者尸体的葬礼包上。从来自帕查卡马克遗址（发掘和博物馆藏品）的近 80 件作品的语料库中，提出了一种类型学，并附有基于一系列绝对日期的年表。假头还具有反复出现的特征，使我们能够了解它们的特定功能。这些物品似乎与某些重要的祖先有关，他们的后代崇拜他们。他们是积极的代理人，是民族历史上讨论的仪式传统的参与者。