Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR) analysis of 100 adhesive samples from different prehistoric composite artefacts, pottery, and amorphous lumps across Eastern Europe and Urals were conducted with the aim to establish a fast analytical screening method for adhesive assignment. The ATR-FT-IR analysis allowed the identification of major chemical components of the adhesive samples that were assigned to three main groups: birch bark tar without major additives, birch bark tar with additives, and minor/non-birch bark tar samples. ATR-FT-IR spectra were further analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA)-based discriminant analysis (DA) that allowed additional refinement of adhesive classifications. The ATR-FT-IR results and the DA classification were confirmed by analyzing a selection of samples with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Results demonstrate that ATR-FT-IR coupled with DA classification allows fast and reliable preliminary identification of the major components in archaeological adhesives and their further classification. As such it is a considerable and faster alternative to more laborious GC–MS analysis, especially in the case of very small samples.

中文翻译：

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东欧和乌拉尔考古粘合剂的 ATR-FT-IR 光谱和化学计量分析分类

对来自东欧和乌拉尔的不同史前复合人工制品、陶器和无定形块的 100 个粘合剂样品进行衰减全反射-傅里叶变换红外光谱 (ATR-FT-IR) 分析，旨在建立一种快速分析筛选方法粘合剂分配。ATR-FT-IR 分析可以识别粘合剂样品的主要化学成分，这些成分分为三个主要组：不含主要添加剂的桦树皮焦油、含添加剂的桦树皮焦油和次要/非桦树皮焦油样品。使用基于主成分分析 (PCA) 的判别分析 (DA) 进一步分析 ATR-FT-IR 光谱，该分析允许对粘合剂分类进行额外细化。ATR-FT-IR 结果和 DA 分类通过使用气相色谱-质谱 (GC-MS) 分析选择的样品得到证实。结果表明，ATR-FT-IR 与 DA 分类相结合，可以快速可靠地初步识别考古粘合剂中的主要成分及其进一步分类。因此，它是更费力的 GC-MS 分析的一种相当快速的替代方法，尤其是在样品非常小的情况下。