Bohr’s complementarity is one central tenet of quantum physics. The paradoxical wave-particle duality of quantum matters and photons has been tested in Young’s double-slit (double-path) interferometers. The object exclusively exhibits wave and particle nature, depending measurement apparatus that can be delayed chosen to rule out too-naive interpretations of quantum complementarity. All experiments to date have been implemented in the double-path framework, while it is of fundamental interest to study complementarity in multipath interferometric systems. Here, we demonstrate generalized multipath wave-particle duality in a quantum delayed-choice experiment, implemented by large-scale silicon-integrated multipath interferometers. Single-photon displays sophisticated transitions between wave and particle characters, determined by the choice of quantum-controlled generalized Hadamard operations. We characterise particle-nature by multimode which-path information and wave-nature by multipath coherence of interference, and demonstrate the generalisation of Bohr’s multipath duality relation. Our work provides deep insights into multidimensional quantum physics and benchmarks controllability of integrated photonic quantum technology.

玻尔的互补性是量子物理学的中心宗旨。量子物质和光子的悖论性波粒二象性已在Young的双缝（双路径）干涉仪中进行了测试。该对象仅表现出波和粒子的性质，取决于可以延迟选择的测量设备，以排除过于幼稚的量子互补性解释。迄今为止，所有实验均已在双路径框架中实施，而研究多路径干涉测量系统中的互补性则具有根本的意义。在这里，我们通过大规模集成硅的多径干涉仪实现的量子延迟选择实验证明了广义多径波粒对偶性。单光子显示出波动和粒子特征之间的复杂过渡，由选择量子控制的广义Hadamard运算确定。我们通过多模态的多径信息表征粒子的性质，并通过多径干涉相干表征波的性质，并证明了玻尔多径对偶关系的推广。我们的工作为多维量子物理学提供了深刻的见解，并为集成光子量子技术的可控性提供了基准。