Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which activated immune cells attack the CNS and cause inflammation and demyelination. While the etiology of MS is still largely unknown, the interaction between hormones and the immune system plays a role in disease progression, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are incompletely understood. Several in vitro and in vivo experimental, but also clinical studies, have addressed the possible role of the endocrine system in susceptibility and severity of autoimmune diseases. Although there are several demyelinating models, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the oldest and most commonly used model for MS in laboratory animals which enables researchers to translate their findings from EAE into human. Evidences imply that there is great heterogeneity in the susceptibility to the induction, the method of induction, and the response to various immunological or pharmacological interventions, which led to conflicting results on the role of specific hormones in the EAE model. In this review, we address the role of endocrine system in EAE model to provide a comprehensive view and a better understanding of the interactions between the endocrine and the immune systems in various models of EAE, to open up a ground for further detailed studies in this field by considering and comparing the results and models used in previous studies.

中文翻译：

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实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）动物模型中的激素

多发性硬化症（MS）是中枢神经系统（CNS）的炎症性脱髓鞘疾病，其中活化的免疫细胞攻击CNS并引起炎症和脱髓鞘。虽然MS的病因学仍很未知，但激素与免疫系统之间的相互作用在疾病进展中起着一定作用，但这种情况发生的机理尚不完全清楚。几项体外和体内实验以及临床研究已经探讨了内分泌系统在自身免疫疾病易感性和严重性中的可能作用。尽管存在多种脱髓鞘模型，但是实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）是实验室动物中最古老，最常用的MS模型，这使研究人员能够将其发现从EAE转化为人类。有证据表明，诱导的敏感性，诱导的方法以及对各种免疫学或药理学干预的反应存在很大的异质性，这导致在EAE模型中特定激素的作用产生矛盾的结果。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了内分泌系统在EAE模型中的作用，以提供全面的观点并更好地理解EAE各种模型中内分泌与免疫系统之间的相互作用，从而为进一步详细研究奠定基础通过考虑和比较先前研究中使用的结果和模型来确定该领域。这导致在EAE模型中特定激素的作用上存在矛盾的结果。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了内分泌系统在EAE模型中的作用，以提供全面的观点并更好地理解EAE各种模型中内分泌与免疫系统之间的相互作用，从而为进一步详细研究奠定基础通过考虑和比较先前研究中使用的结果和模型来确定该领域。这导致在EAE模型中特定激素的作用上存在矛盾的结果。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了内分泌系统在EAE模型中的作用，以提供全面的观点并更好地理解EAE各种模型中内分泌与免疫系统之间的相互作用，从而为进一步详细研究奠定基础通过考虑和比较先前研究中使用的结果和模型来确定该领域。