Strong-field tunneling ionization is the first step for a broad class of phenomena in intense laser-atom/molecule interactions. Accurate information about the electron wave packet from strong-field tunneling ionization of atoms and molecules is of essential importance for understanding various tunneling ionization triggered processes. Here, we survey the property of the electron wave packet in tunneling ionization of molecules with a method based on strong-field photoelectron holography. By solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, it is shown that the holographic interference in the photoelectron momentum distribution exhibits the asymmetric behavior with respect to the laser polarization direction, when the molecule is aligned with a nonzero angle to the linearly polarized laser field. We demonstrate that this asymmetry is due to the nonzero initial transverse displacement of the electron wave packet at tunneling. By analyzing the holographic interference, this transverse displacement for the launching of electron wave packet tunneling from the molecules is accurately retrieved. This displacement is directly related to the electron density distribution in molecules, and thus our work developed a novel concept for probing electronic structure in molecules.

对于强激光-原子/分子相互作用中的各种现象，强磁场隧穿电离是第一步。来自原子和分子的强场隧穿电离的有关电子波包的准确信息对于理解各种隧穿电离触发的过程至关重要。在此，我们使用基于强场光电子全息术的方法来调查电子波包在分子隧穿电离中的性质。通过求解随时间变化的薛定ding方程，表明当分子与线性偏振激光场成非零角度排列时，光电子动量分布中的全息干涉相对于激光偏振方向表现出不对称行为。我们证明了这种不对称性是由于隧穿时电子波包的初始横向位移非零所致。通过分析全息干涉，可以准确地检索出从分子发射电子波包隧穿的横向位移。这种位移与分子中电子密度的分布直接相关，因此我们的工作提出了一种新的概念来探测分子中的电子结构。