Background: Unemployment is a well-documented risk factor for suicide. Findings from a number of studies suggest that government policy plays a crucial role in mediating the unemployment-suicide relationship. Aims: Our review was designed to assess whether government policies aimed at managing unemployment can moderate the impact of unemployment on suicide and self-harm. Method: A systematic search of the Medline, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted. All original, English-language, peer-reviewed studies examining the impact of unemployment policy on rates of suicide or self-harm were eligible for inclusion. Results: Six unique studies were identified, each using an ecological design and suicide deaths as the outcome. Three of five studies looking at unemployment benefits found a negative association with suicide rates. Studies examining the impact of active unemployment policy and employment protection legislation found evidence of beneficial effects. The effects of the policies were small and had particular benefit in reducing suicide rates among men. Limitations: The ecological designs used may limit conclusions around causality. It is unclear whether the findings generalize to those in lower- and middle-income countries. Conclusion: The findings suggest that unemployment policies can mitigate the relationship between unemployment and suicide, particularly among men.

中文翻译：

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政府对失业的反应能否减少失业对自杀的影响？

背景：失业是一个有据可查的自杀风险因素。许多研究的结果表明，政府政策在调解失业-自杀关系方面发挥着至关重要的作用。目的：我们的审查旨在评估旨在管理失业的政府政策是否可以减轻失业对自杀和自残的影响。方法：对 Medline、ProQuest、Scopus 和 Web of Science 数据库进行了系统搜索。所有研究失业政策对自杀或自残率影响的原创、英语、同行评议的研究都符合纳入标准。结果：确定了六项独特的研究，每项都使用生态设计和自杀死亡作为结果。五项关于失业救济金的研究中有三项发现与自杀率呈负相关。对积极失业政策和就业保护立法影响的研究发现了有利影响的证据。这些政策的影响很小，并且在降低男性自杀率方面特别有益。局限性：所使用的生态设计可能会限制有关因果关系的结论。目前尚不清楚这些发现是否适用于低收入和中等收入国家的人。结论：研究结果表明，失业政策可以减轻失业与自杀之间的关系，尤其是在男性中。使用的生态设计可能会限制有关因果关系的结论。目前尚不清楚这些发现是否适用于低收入和中等收入国家的人。结论：研究结果表明，失业政策可以减轻失业与自杀之间的关系，尤其是在男性中。使用的生态设计可能会限制有关因果关系的结论。目前尚不清楚这些发现是否适用于低收入和中等收入国家的人。结论：研究结果表明，失业政策可以减轻失业与自杀之间的关系，尤其是在男性中。