The principles of "interpersonal complementarity" posit that one person's behavior tends to evoke reactions from others that are similar with regard to affiliation, but dissimilar with regard to status (Carson, 1969). Empirical support for these assumptions has been mixed, especially with regard to the status dimension. The present study investigated influences of level of observation (behaviors vs. traits), personality, and instructional set on complementarity. Previously unacquainted participants (N = 182) were randomly assigned to dyads who engaged in videotaped discussions with either a cooperative or a competitive framing. Their behaviors were rated every 10 s in terms of affiliation and status. We used a multilevel modeling approach that enables powerful omnibus tests of core tenets of interpersonal theory, including previously overlooked influences of person and situation, as well as time-lags. Interpersonal complementarity was found for both affiliation and status. It was highest for simultaneous behaviors, (i.e., occurring within the same 10-s interval), but for status we also found lagged effects being anticomplementary. Complementarity was also moderately predicted by some personality traits. The situational context predicted the mean levels of interpersonal behaviors but not complementarity. Concerning consequences of complementarity, the participants' individual complementarity coefficients predicted their being liked by the interaction partner, observer judgments of their social competence, and their overall discussion performance. We clearly recommend this type of comprehensive multilevel modeling for future research into these and related issues. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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实验室中自发的人际互补性：一种多层次的方法来模拟人们的人际行为及其动态相互作用的前因和后果。

“人际互补”原则假定一个人的行为往往会引起其他人的反应，这些反应在隶属关系方面相似，但在地位方面不同（Carson，1969）。对这些假设的经验支持参差不齐，尤其是在地位方面。本研究调查了观察水平（行为与特征）、个性和教学设置对互补性的影响。以前不认识的参与者（N = 182）被随机分配到与合作或竞争框架进行录像讨论的二人组。他们的行为每 10 秒就从属关系和地位进行评估。我们使用了一种多层次的建模方法，可以对人际关系理论的核心原则进行强大的综合测试，包括以前被忽视的人和情况的影响，以及时间滞后。发现了从属关系和地位的人际互补性。同时行为最高（即发生在相同的 10 秒间隔内），但对于状态，我们还发现滞后效应是反互补的。一些人格特征也适度预测了互补性。情境背景预测了人际行为的平均水平，但没有预测互补性。关于互补性的后果，参与者的个人互补性系数预测了他们被互动伙伴喜欢、观察者对他们的社会能力的判断以及他们的整体讨论表现。我们明确推荐这种类型的综合多层次建模用于未来对这些和相关问题的研究。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。