Whereas there is extensive research on factors that contribute to vulnerability for depression and anxiety, research on how to promote mental health or offset risk effects in individuals likely to develop these disorders is lacking. Resilience models focus on risk, resource, and protective factors and their relationships. The current longitudinal study evaluated whether extraversion and interpersonal support functioned in resource or protective roles in relation to unipolar mood disorder (UMD), anxiety disorder (AD), and comorbid diagnoses. Data from 534 adolescents over a 3-year period were examined in a series of survival analyses to predict future disorder onset. The linear effect of extraversion significantly interacted with neuroticism predicting UMD diagnoses with extraversion conferring protection and introversion conferring risk at high levels of neuroticism. The quadratic effect of extraversion significantly interacted with neuroticism predicting AD and comorbid diagnoses such that extraversion escalated risk for diagnoses at high levels of neuroticism. The quadratic effect of extraversion was significant in comorbidity models, demonstrating increased risk as one progresses from slight extraversion to extreme introversion, independent of neuroticism. Interpersonal support significantly predicted UMD, AD, and comorbid diagnoses in an approximately linear fashion. Specificity tests indicated that these effects remained when including the other diagnosis in each model. Findings suggest the value of attending to extraverted traits and encouraging social connection regardless of risk status in prevention and treatment approaches. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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外向性和人际关系支持是预测单相情绪和焦虑症的风险，资源和保护因素。

尽管对导致抑郁症和焦虑症易感性的因素进行了广泛的研究，但缺乏关于如何促进心理健康或抵消可能患这些疾病的个体的风险影响的研究。复原力模型侧重于风险，资源和保护因素及其关系。当前的纵向研究评估了外向性和人际支持是否在与单相情绪障碍（UMD），焦虑症（AD）和合并症的诊断有关的资源或保护作用中起作用。在一系列生存分析中对来自534名青少年的3年期数据进行了一系列生存分析，以预测未来的疾病发作。外向性的线性作用与神经质性有显着相互作用，从而预测UMD诊断具有高水平神经质性的外向性赋予保护和内向性赋予风险。外向性的二次效应与预测AD的神经质和共病诊断显着相互作用，因此外向性升高了神经质水平较高的诊断风险。在合并症模型中，外向性的二次效应是显着的，表明随着从轻度外向发展到极端内向而不依赖于神经质，病患风险增加。人际关系支持以近似线性的方式显着预测了UMD，AD和合并症的诊断。特异性测试表明，当在每个模型中包括其他诊断时，这些效果仍然存在。研究结果表明，不管预防和治疗方法中的风险状况如何，坚持外向性状和鼓励社会联系的价值。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。