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"Just as good": Learning gender stereotypes from attempts to counteract them.
Developmental Psychology ( IF 4.497 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1037/dev0001143
Eleanor K Chestnut 1 , Marianna Y Zhang 1 , Ellen M Markman 1
Affiliation  

How do children learn gender stereotypes? Although people commonly use statements like "Girls are as good as boys at math" to express gender equality, such subject-complement statements subtly perpetuate the stereotype that boys are naturally more skilled. The syntax of such statements frames the item in the complement position (here, boys) as the standard for comparison or reference point. Thus, when the statement concerns ability, listeners infer that this item is naturally more skilled than the item in the subject position (here, girls). In 2 experiments, we ask whether subject-complement statements could not only reinforce preexisting gender stereotypes, but also teach them. The participants were 288 adults (51% women, 49% men) and 337 children ages 7 to 11 (50% girls, 50% boys; of the 62% who reported race, 44% self-declared as White; from primarily middle-class to upper middle-class families). Participants were provided with subject-complement statements about either novel abilities (e.g., "Girls are as good as boys at trewting") or nonstereotyped activities (e.g., "Boys are as good as girls at snapping"). Both adults and children inferred that the gender in the complement position was naturally more skilled than the gender in the subject position. Using subject-complement statements to express gender equality (e.g., "Girls are as good as boys at math") could thus backfire and teach children that boys have more natural ability. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译:

“同样好”:从试图抵消性别刻板印象中学习性别刻板印象。

孩子如何学习性别刻板印象?虽然人们通常使用“女孩在数学上和男孩一样好”这样的陈述来表达性别平等,但这种主题补充陈述巧妙地延续了男孩天生更有技能的刻板印象。此类语句的语法将处于补语位置的项目(这里是男孩)作为比较或参考点的标准。因此,当陈述涉及能力时,听众推断该项目自然比主语位置的项目(这里是女孩)更熟练。在 2 个实验中,我们询问主题补语陈述是否不仅可以强化先前存在的性别刻板印象,还可以教导它们。参与者是 288 名成人(51% 女性,49% 男性)和 337 名 7 至 11 岁的儿童(50% 女孩,50% 男孩;在报告种族的 62% 中,44% 自称为白人;从主要是中产阶级到中上阶级家庭)。向参与者提供了关于新能力(例如,“女孩在 trewting 方面和男孩一样好”)或非定型活动(例如,“男孩在抢购方面和女孩一样好”)的主题补充陈述。大人小孩都推断,补位的性别自然比主位的性别更熟练。使用主题补充语句来表达性别平等(例如,“女孩在数学上和男孩一样好”)可能会适得其反,并教孩子们男孩有更多的天生能力。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA,保留所有权利)。向参与者提供了关于新能力(例如,“女孩在 trewting 方面和男孩一样好”)或非定型活动(例如,“男孩在抢购方面和女孩一样好”)的主题补充陈述。大人小孩都推断,补位的性别自然比主位的性别更熟练。使用主题补充语句来表达性别平等(例如,“女孩在数学上和男孩一样好”)可能会适得其反,并教孩子们男孩有更多的天生能力。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA,保留所有权利)。向参与者提供了关于新能力(例如,“女孩在 trewting 方面和男孩一样好”)或非定型活动(例如,“男孩在抢购方面和女孩一样好”)的主题补充陈述。大人小孩都推断,补位的性别自然比主位的性别更熟练。使用主题补充语句来表达性别平等(例如,“女孩在数学上和男孩一样好”)可能会适得其反,并教孩子们男孩有更多的天生能力。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA,保留所有权利)。大人小孩都推断,补位的性别自然比主位的性别更熟练。使用主题补充语句来表达性别平等(例如,“女孩在数学上和男孩一样好”)可能会适得其反,并教孩子们男孩有更多的天生能力。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA,保留所有权利)。大人小孩都推断,补位的性别自然比主位的性别更熟练。使用主题补充语句来表达性别平等(例如,“女孩在数学上和男孩一样好”)可能会适得其反,并教孩子们男孩有更多的天生能力。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA,保留所有权利)。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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