Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the oldest diseases in the world and is one of the top ten causes of death in the world, ranking first mortality in infectious diseases, far beyond the frightening disease AIDS. Besides that, spinal tuberculosis is the most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, accounting for approximately 1 to 3% of all tuberculosis cases, and accounting for 50% of musculoskeletal infections. However, the drug-resistant situation of spinal tuberculosis is still challenging world wide. This situation directly leads that spinal tuberculosis has a high disability rate and is difficult to treat, which causes a heavy burden to patients, families and society. Therefore, it has been one of the focuses of tuberculosis researchers and spine doctors. Considering that, in this review, we aim to overview the current studies that focused on the novel understanding of current spinal tuberculosis medicine usage and extensive explorations for treating this severe disease.

由结核分枝杆菌引起的结核病是世界上最古老的疾病之一，是世界十大死因之一，居传染病死亡率之首，远远超过可怕的艾滋病。除此之外，脊柱结核是最常见的肺外结核，约占所有结核病病例的 1% 至 3%，占肌肉骨骼感染的 50%。然而，脊柱结核的耐药情况在世界范围内仍然具有挑战性。这种情况直接导致脊柱结核致残率高、治疗难度大，给患者、家庭和社会带来沉重负担。因此，它一直是结核病研究人员和脊柱医生关注的焦点之一。考虑到，在本次审查中，