Although norm-referenced scores are essential to the identification of disability, they possess several features which affect their sensitivity to change. Norm-referenced scores often decrease over time among people with neurodevelopmental disorders who exhibit slower-than-average increases in ability. Further, the reliability of norm-referenced scores is lower at the tails of the distribution, resulting in floor effects and increased measurement error for people with neurodevelopmental disorders. In contrast, the person ability scores generated during the process of constructing a standardized test with item response theory are designed to assess change. We illustrate these limitations of norm-referenced scores, and relative advantages of ability scores, using data from studies of autism spectrum disorder and creatine transporter deficiency.

中文翻译：

---

作为神经发育障碍研究结果衡量标准的个人能力评分替代规范参考评分。

尽管常模参考分数对于识别残疾至关重要，但它们具有一些影响其对变化敏感性的特征。在能力增长慢于平均水平的神经发育障碍患者中，常模参考分数通常会随着时间的推移而下降。此外，分布尾部的常模参考分数的可靠性较低，导致神经发育障碍患者的地板效应和测量误差增加。相比之下，在使用项目反应理论构建标准化测试的过程中产生的个人能力分数旨在评估变化。我们使用自闭症谱系障碍和肌酸转运蛋白缺乏症的研究数据来说明常模参考分数的这些局限性，以及能力分数的相对优势。