ABSTRACT

The performance of fertilizers may differ significantly in different soils. Here, we quantify effects of various phosphorus (P) fertilizers on maize yield and P uptake in soils with different pH values, using a pot experiment. Five P fertilizers were used; monoammonium phosphate (MAP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), calcium superphosphate (CSP), calcium magnesium phosphate (CMP) and, ammonium polyphosphate (APP). Two soils were neutral fluvo-aquic soil (pH 7.2) and acidic yellow cinnamon soil (pH 5.0). Generally, acidic soil restricted the root activity, dry matter accumulation, P uptake, and yield of maize. The effects of P fertilizers were inconsistent in the different soils. In neutral soil, the effects were the highest for DAP and lowest for CMP. However, in acidic soil they were highest for CMP, followed by DAP, and lowest for MAP. In neutral soil, DAP treatment showed higher P uptake efficiency (PUpE) and partial factor productivity (PPFP), while CMP treatment showed higher P harvest index (PHI) and utilization efficiency PUtE. In acidic soil, the PUpE and PPFP of CMP and DAP treatments were higher than in other treatments. Therefore, choosing the right P fertilizer based on soil acidity can significantly improve maize yield, P uptake, and P utilization to optimize P management.

摘要

在不同的土壤中，肥料的性能可能会有很大差异。在这里，我们使用盆栽实验量化了各种磷 (P) 肥料对不同 pH 值土壤中玉米产量和磷吸收的影响。使用了五种磷肥；磷酸一铵 (MAP)、磷酸二铵 (DAP)、过磷酸钙 (CSP)、磷酸钙镁 (CMP) 和多磷酸铵 (APP)。两种土壤是中性潮土（pH 7.2）和酸性黄褐土（pH 5.0）。一般来说，酸性土壤限制了玉米的根系活动、干物质积累、磷吸收和产量。不同土壤中磷肥的效果不一致。在中性土壤中，DAP 的影响最高，CMP 的影响最低。然而，在酸性土壤中，CMP 最高，DAP 次之，MAP 最低。在中性土壤中，DAP处理表现出较高的磷吸收效率（PUpE）和部分要素生产力（PPFP），而CMP处理表现出较高的磷收获指数（PHI）和利用效率PUtE。在酸性土壤中，CMP和DAP处理的PUpE和PPFP均高于其他处理。因此，根据土壤酸碱度选择合适的磷肥，可以显着提高玉米产量、磷吸收和磷利用，从而优化磷管理。