The present study was carried out to analyze physico-chemical characteristics of agricultural soil samples of Amritsar, India, under wheat cultivation and their genotoxic and anti-oxidative enzyme responses in Allium cepa test system. Physico-chemical parameters of soil samples, total protein content, crude lipid content, and activity of different anti-oxidative enzymes in A. cepa under the exposure of different soil samples were investigated using standard protocols. The genotoxicity of agricultural soil samples was assessed by employing Allium cepa root tip chromosomal aberration assay. The genotoxicity studies in A. cepa showed induction of various physio-logical and clastogenic aberrations dominated by delayed anaphase/s followed by stickiness, C-mitosis, and chromatin bridges. Eastern zone (EW2) soil sample (26.21%) showed induction of highest percent chromosomal aberrations, while central zone (CW1) soil sample (16.33%) showed lowest percent as compared to control (5.96%) in in situ treatment. Root dip treatment revealed highest percent aberrations in EW2 sample (30.28%), whereas southern zone (SW4) showed lowest percentage (28.43%) of chromosomal aberrations at highest concentration of soil extract used, i.e., 100%. Biochemical studies on onion bulbs treated with agricultural soil samples indicated a significant reduction in the contents of crude lipids, while variation in total protein contents as compared to control was insignificant. The activities of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase were reduced, while the activities of glutathione-S-transferase and dehydro-ascorbate reductase were enhanced in treated bulbs as compared to control bulbs. Pearson correlation analysis reported significant negative correlation between magnesium ion concentration and in situ soil genotoxicity. Other physico-chemical parameters also showed significant correlations with enzymes and biochemical molecules. The study clearly depicted significant genotoxic potential of agricultural soils along with their effects on the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes which could be attributed to indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

本研究旨在分析印度阿姆利则小麦栽培下的农业土壤样品的理化特性，并在葱属洋葱试验系统中分析其遗传毒性和抗氧化酶反应。使用标准方法研究了土壤样品的理化参数，总蛋白含量，粗脂质含量以及不同土壤样品暴露下洋葱中不同抗氧化酶的活性。农业土壤样品的遗传毒性通过采用洋葱洋葱根尖染色体畸变测定法进行评估。洋葱中的遗传毒性研究表现出各种生理和分裂畸变的诱导，这些畸变主要由延迟的后期/ s，随后的粘性，C有丝分裂和染色质桥所致。在原位处理中，东部区域（EW2）的土壤样品（26.21％）显示出最高的染色体畸变百分比，而中央区域（CW1）的土壤样品（16.33％）则显示出最低的百分比，与对照（5.96％）相比。根浸处理显示EW2样品中的畸变百分率最高（30.28％），而南部地区（SW4）在使用最高土壤提取物浓度（即100％）时，染色体畸变的百分率最低（28.43％）。用农业土壤样品处理的洋葱鳞茎的生化研究表明，粗脂含量显着降低，而总蛋白含量与对照相比变化不明显。与对照鳞茎相比，处理过的鳞茎中超氧化物歧化酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶的活性降低，而谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶的活性增强。皮尔逊相关分析报告镁离子浓度与原位土壤遗传毒性之间显着负相关。其他理化参数也显示出与酶和生化分子的显着相关性。该研究清楚地描述了农业土壤的巨大遗传毒性潜力及其对抗氧化酶活性的影响，这可能归因于化学肥料和杀虫剂的不加选择的使用。与对照组相比，处理过的鳞茎中谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶的活性增强。皮尔逊相关分析报告镁离子浓度与原位土壤遗传毒性之间显着负相关。其他理化参数也显示出与酶和生化分子的显着相关性。该研究清楚地描述了农业土壤的巨大遗传毒性潜力及其对抗氧化酶活性的影响，这可能归因于化学肥料和杀虫剂的不加选择的使用。与对照组相比，处理过的鳞茎中谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶的活性增强。皮尔逊相关分析报告镁离子浓度与原位土壤遗传毒性之间显着负相关。其他理化参数也显示出与酶和生化分子的显着相关性。该研究清楚地描述了农业土壤的巨大遗传毒性潜力及其对抗氧化酶活性的影响，这可能归因于化学肥料和杀虫剂的不加选择的使用。其他理化参数也显示出与酶和生化分子的显着相关性。该研究清楚地描述了农业土壤的巨大遗传毒性潜力及其对抗氧化酶活性的影响，这可能归因于化学肥料和杀虫剂的不加选择的使用。其他理化参数也显示出与酶和生化分子的显着相关性。该研究清楚地描述了农业土壤的巨大遗传毒性潜力及其对抗氧化酶活性的影响，这可能归因于化学肥料和杀虫剂的不加选择的使用。