Disturbances, such as wildfires, are one of the main drivers of biodiversity dynamics, and their frequency and intensity are expected to increase due to global change. Such disturbances generate a mosaic of affected and unaffected patches that change landscape structure and, consequently, metacommunity networks. Therefore, to fully understand the consequences of such disturbances, a landscape perspective is required. In 2012, a wildfire burned 13 000 hectares in the NE Iberian Peninsula affecting a pond macroinvertebrate metacommunity. Communities were highly resilient to this disturbance, recovering after one hydroperiod. Their resilience was related to dispersal, being lower in species with weak dispersal abilities than those with strong dispersal abilities. This suggested that the metacommunity network played a major role in defining system resilience. In this context, we introduced a theoretical analysis based on this network in which we evaluated metacommunity resilience across several gradients of disturbance size and intensity incorporating species dispersal ability. Our study supports the empirical observation of a highly resilient metacommunity but also reveals that increased disturbance regimes might lead to a collapse of this resilience. Disturbance size and intensity interacted to determine the community recovery rate, which was high when both variables were low. Nevertheless, the transition from high to low resilience was sharp and depended on species dispersal. Diversity recovery was mostly driven by disturbance intensity, abruptly collapsing with its rise. This response highlighted the qualitative difference in the effect of size and intensity. These results not only illustrate the mechanisms shaping the studied metacommunity but also more generally stress the strong role of metacommunity mechanisms and landscape structure in biodiversity resilience. Finally, this study highlights the importance of using theoretical approaches rooted in empirical data to determine metacommunity dynamics and the need to preserve and build connected and heterogeneous landscapes to address future disturbance scenarios.

中文翻译：

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元社区对模拟野火梯度的恢复力：干扰强度和物种扩散能力决定景观恢复能力

野火等干扰是生物多样性动态的主要驱动因素之一，预计它们的频率和强度会因全球变化而增加。这种干扰产生了受影响和未受影响的斑块的马赛克，改变了景观结构，从而改变了元社区网络。因此，要充分了解此类干扰的后果，需要从景观角度进行分析。2012 年，伊比利亚半岛东北部的一场野火烧毁了 13000 公顷的土地，影响了池塘大型无脊椎动物群落。社区对这种干扰具有很强的恢复能力，在一个水周期后恢复。它们的恢复力与扩散有关，在扩散能力弱的物种中比在扩散能力强的物种中要低。这表明元社区网络在定义系统弹性方面发挥了重要作用。在这种情况下，我们引入了基于该网络的理论分析，在该分析中，我们评估了包含物种扩散能力的几个干扰大小和强度梯度的元社区弹性。我们的研究支持对高弹性元社区的实证观察，但也表明增加的干扰机制可能导致这种弹性的崩溃。干扰大小和强度相互作用以确定社区恢复率，当这两个变量都很低时，社区恢复率很高。然而，从高弹性到低弹性的转变是急剧的，并且取决于物种的扩散。多样性恢复主要是由干扰强度驱动的，随着干扰强度的上升而突然崩溃。这种反应突出了大小和强度影响的质的差异。这些结果不仅说明了塑造所研究的元群落的机制，而且更普遍地强调了元群落机制和景观结构在生物多样性恢复力中的重要作用。最后，本研究强调了使用植根于经验数据的理论方法来确定元社区动态的重要性，以及保护和构建连接和异质景观以应对未来干扰情景的必要性。