In the design of offshore wind farms the simulated dynamic response of the wind turbine structure includes loading from turbulent wind. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard for wind turbine design recommends both the Mann spectral tensor model and the Kaimal spectral model combined with an exponential coherence formulation. These models give deviating wind loads. This study compares these two models to a large eddy simulations model and a model based on offshore wind measurements. The comparisons are performed for three situations, covering unstable, neutral and stable atmospheric conditions. The impact of the differences in the wind fields on the quasi-static response of a large bottom-fixed wind turbine is investigated. The findings are supported by an assessment of the impact of individual wind characteristics on the turbine responses. The wind model based on measurements causes high tower bottom and blade root flapwise bending moments due to a high wind load at very low frequencies. Low and negative horizontal coherence is obtained using the Mann spectral tensor model. This causes relatively large yaw moments as compared to the results using the other wind models. The largest differences in response are seen in the stable situation. We furthermore show that the quasi-static wind load has great impact on the total damage equivalent moments of the structure. From the results, we conclude that in the design of large offshore wind turbines one should carefully consider the structure of the turbulent wind. Further, longer simulations than recommended by the standards should be used to reduce uncertainty in estimated response.

中文翻译：

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受不同入射风场影响的底部固定式风力机的准静态响应

在海上风电场的设计中，风力涡轮机结构的模拟动态响应包括来自湍流风的载荷。国际电工委员会 (IEC) 风力涡轮机设计标准建议将 Mann 谱张量模型和 Kaimal 谱模型与指数相干公式结合使用。这些模型给出了偏离的风荷载。本研究将这两种模型与大涡模拟模型和基于海上风力测量的模型进行了比较。比较针对三种情况进行，涵盖不稳定、中性和稳定的大气条件。研究了风场差异对大型底部固定式风力机准静态响应的影响。对单个风特性对涡轮机响应的影响的评估支持了这些发现。由于在极低频率下的高风载荷，基于测量的风模型会导致高塔底和叶根扇动弯矩。使用曼谱张量模型获得低和负水平相干性。与使用其他风模型的结果相比，这会导致相对较大的偏航力矩。在稳定的情况下可以看到最大的反应差异。我们进一步表明，准静态风荷载对结构的总损伤等效力矩有很大影响。根据结果​​，我们得出结论，在大型海上风力发电机的设计中，应仔细考虑湍流风的结构。更远，