The fourth- and fifth-century aqueduct system of Constantinople is, at 426 km, the longest water supply line of the ancient world. Carbonate deposits i659ide an archive of both archaeological developments and palaeo-environmental conditions during the depositional period. The 246-km-long aqueduct line from the fourth century used springs from a small aquifer, whereas a 180-km-long fifth-century extension to the west tapped a larger aquifer. Although historical records testify at least 700 years of aqueduct activity, carbonate deposits in the aqueduct system display less than 27 years of operation. This implies that the entire system must have been cleaned of carbonate, presumably during regular campaigns. A 50-km-long double-aqueduct section in the central part of the system may have been a costly but practical solution to allow repairs and cleaning of the aqueducts of carbonate to ascertain a continuous water supply to the city. The fifth-century channel was commonly contaminated with clay, caused by the nature of the aqueduct system and possible local damage to the channel. This clay-rich water could have been one of the reasons for the construction of large reservoirs in Constantinople.

中文翻译：

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来自古代世界最长渡槽的碳酸盐：拜占庭水资源管理的证明

君士坦丁堡 4 世纪和 5 世纪的渡槽系统全长 426 公里，是古代世界最长的供水线。碳酸盐沉积物是沉积时期考古发展和古环境条件的档案。公元 4 世纪 246 公里长的渡槽线使用了来自一个小型含水层的泉水，而 5 世纪向西延伸的 180 公里长的水渠则使用了一个更大的含水层。尽管历史记录证明了至少 700 年的渡槽活动，但渡槽系统中的碳酸盐沉积物显示不到 27 年的运行时间。这意味着整个系统必须已经清除了碳酸盐，大概是在常规活动期间。系统中央部分 50 公里长的双渡槽部分可能是一种成本高昂但实用的解决方案，可用于维修和清洁碳酸盐渡槽，以确保城市持续供水。由于渡槽系统的性质和可能对通道造成局部损坏，5 世纪的通道通常被粘土污染。这种富含粘土的水可能是在君士坦丁堡建造大型水库的原因之一。