In recent years, the intensive studies have been devoted to nanopores due to their unique charge transport properties including ion permselectivity, ion concentration polarization, and ionic current rectification (ICR). Based on ICR, the analytical applications of nanopore can be realized by monitoring ionic current change when the analyte molecule recognition events occur inside nanopore. To better understand ICR based nanopore sensing, its recent advances are reviewed and categorized in two main sensing strategies including nanopore inner surface charge variation and nanopore inner molecular conformation change. Moreover, the nanopore regeneration strategies are also reviewed. The future challenges and opportunities in ICR based nanopore sensing are further discussed. This review is expected to expedite the research and development of nanopore analytical applications.

近年来，由于纳米孔具有独特的电荷传输特性，包括离子渗透选择性，离子浓度极化和离子电流整流（ICR），因此对纳米孔进行了深入研究。基于ICR，当分析物分子识别事件发生在纳米孔内部时，可以通过监视离子电流的变化来实现纳米孔的分析应用。为了更好地理解基于ICR的纳米孔传感，将其最新进展进行了综述和归类为两种主要的传感策略，包括纳米孔内表面电荷变化和纳米孔内分子构象变化。此外，还综述了纳米孔的再生策略。进一步讨论了基于ICR的纳米孔传感技术的未来挑战和机遇。