The timing of life history events in many plants and animals depends on the seasonal fluctuations of specific environmental conditions. Climate change is altering environmental regimes and disrupting natural cycles and patterns across communities. Anadromous fishes that migrate between marine and freshwater habitats to spawn are particularly sensitive to shifting environmental conditions and thus are vulnerable to the effects of climate change. However, for many anadromous fish species the specific environmental mechanisms driving migration and spawning patterns are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the upstream spawning migrations of river herring Alosa spp. in 12 coastal Massachusetts streams. By analyzing long-term data sets (8–28 years) of daily fish counts, we determined the local influence of environmental factors on daily migration patterns and compared seasonal run dynamics and environmental regimes among streams. Our results suggest that water temperature was the most consistent predictor of both daily river herring presence–absence and abundance during migration. We found inconsistent effects of streamflow and lunar phase, likely due to the anthropogenic manipulation of flow and connectivity in different systems. Geographic patterns in run dynamics and thermal regimes suggest that the more northerly runs in this region are relatively vulnerable to climate change due to migration occurring later in the spring season, at warmer water temperatures that approach thermal maxima, and during a narrower temporal window compared to southern runs. The phenology of river herring and their reliance on seasonal temperature patterns indicate that populations of these species may benefit from management practices that reduce within-stream anthropogenic water temperature manipulations and maintain coolwater thermal refugia.

中文翻译：

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鲱鱼（Alosa spp.）产卵迁徙的日常模式：马萨诸塞州沿海溪流的环境驱动因素和变化

许多植物和动物的生活史事件发生的时间取决于特定环境条件的季节性波动。气候变化正在改变环境制度并扰乱社区之间的自然循环和模式。在海洋和淡水栖息地之间迁移产卵的溯河鱼类对不断变化的环境条件特别敏感，因此容易受到气候变化的影响。然而，对于许多溯河鱼类物种而言，驱动迁移和产卵模式的特定环境机制尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们调查了河鲱阿洛萨的上游产卵迁移属 在马萨诸塞州沿海的 12 条溪流中。通过分析每日鱼类数量的长期数据集（8-28 年），我们确定了环境因素对日常迁移模式的局部影响，并比较了溪流之间的季节性运行动态和环境状况。我们的研究结果表明，水温是迁移过程中日常河流鲱鱼是否存在和丰富的最一致的预测指标。我们发现水流和月相的影响不一致，可能是由于人为操纵不同系统中的流量和连通性。运行动态和热状况的地理模式表明，由于春季后期发生迁移，在接近热最大值的较温暖的水温下，该地区更北的运行相对容易受到气候变化的影响，并且在与南部运行相比更窄的时间窗口中。河鲱的物候及其对季节性温度模式的依赖表明，这些物种的种群可能受益于减少河内人为水温操纵和维持冷水热避难所的管理实践。