The innate immune system is the first line of the host defense program against pathogens and harmful substances. Antiviral innate immune responses can be triggered by multiple cellular receptors sensing viral components. The activated innate immune system produces interferons (IFNs) and cytokines that perform antiviral functions to eliminate invading viruses. Coronaviruses are single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that have a broad range of animal hosts. Coronaviruses have evolved multiple means to evade host antiviral immune responses. Successful immune evasion by coronaviruses may enable the viruses to adapt to multiple species of host organisms. Coronavirus transmission from zoonotic hosts to humans has caused serious illnesses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), resulting in global health and economic crises. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying host sensing of and innate immune responses against coronavirus invasion, as well as host immune evasion strategies of coronaviruses.

先天免疫系统是宿主防御病原体和有害物质的第一道防线。抗病毒先天免疫反应可以由感知病毒成分的多个细胞受体触发。激活的先天免疫系统会产生干扰素 (IFN) 和细胞因子，它们具有抗病毒功能以消除入侵病毒。冠状病毒是具有广泛动物宿主的单链正链 RNA 病毒。冠状病毒已经进化出多种手段来逃避宿主的抗病毒免疫反应。冠状病毒成功的免疫逃避可能使病毒能够适应多种宿主生物。冠状病毒从人畜共患病宿主传播给人类已引起严重疾病，例如严重急性呼吸系统综合症（SARS）、中东呼吸系统综合症（MERS）、和冠状病毒病 2019 (COVID-19)，导致全球健康和经济危机。在这篇综述中，我们总结了当前关于宿主感知和对抗冠状病毒入侵的先天免疫反应的机制，以及冠状病毒的宿主免疫逃避策略的知识。