Questions surrounding the timing, extent, and evolutionary consequences of archaic admixture into human populations have a long history in evolutionary anthropology. More recently, advances in human genetics, particularly in the field of ancient DNA, have shed new light on the question of whether or not Homo sapiens interbred with other hominin groups. By the late 1990s, published genetic work had largely concluded that archaic groups made no lasting genetic contribution to modern humans; less than a decade later, this conclusion was reversed following the successful DNA sequencing of an ancient Neanderthal. This reversal of consensus is noteworthy, but the reasoning behind it is not widely understood across all academic communities. There remains a communication gap between population geneticists and paleoanthropologists. In this review, we endeavor to bridge this gap by outlining how technological advancements, new statistical methods, and notable controversies ultimately led to the current consensus.

中文翻译：

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从古人类遗传数据推断古基因渗入

围绕古代混合到人类种群中的时间、范围和进化后果的问题在进化人类学中有着悠久的历史。最近，人类遗传学的进步，特别是在古代 DNA 领域的进步，为智人是否是智人的问题提供了新的线索。与其他古人类群体杂交。到 1990 年代后期，已发表的基因研究在很大程度上得出结论，古代群体对现代人类没有持久的基因贡献。不到十年后，在成功对古代尼安德特人进行 DNA 测序后，这一结论被逆转。这种共识的逆转值得注意，但其背后的原因并未被所有学术界广泛理解。人口遗传学家和古人类学家之间仍然存在沟通鸿沟。在这篇综述中，我们通过概述技术进步、新的统计方法和值得注意的争议如何最终导致目前的共识来努力弥合这一差距。