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The protective effect of dwarf bamboo on broad-leaved seedlings against deer browsing
Forest Ecology and Management ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-06 , DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119273
Nobuhiro Akashi , Akira Unno , Hiroyuki Uno

The forest understory is often densely covered by dwarf bamboo Sasa spp. in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Dwarf bamboo is an important winter forage for sika deer Cervus nippon, and dwarf bamboo inhibits forest regeneration by preventing seedling establishment. Although percentages of browsed seedlings are a useful index of deer browsing pressure, dwarf bamboo is also expected to affect browsing on seedlings by altering physical accessibility to seedlings. We hypothesized that the relationship between seedling height and browsing incidence depends on the coverage of dwarf bamboo because smaller seedlings were protected by dwarf bamboo. The incidence of browsing was recorded for broad-leaved seedlings ≥ 0.2 m in height and < 1 cm in diameter at breast height in 19 plots (40–200 m2 each) located in natural forests. Coverage of dwarf bamboo varied from 3% to 74%, except for one plot where dwarf bamboo was absent. The mean height of the dwarf bamboo in each plot was 0.44–1.17 m. The product of seedling height and coverage of dwarf bamboo was selected as an explanatory variable in the generalized linear mixed model for the incidence of browsing on each seedling. This suggests that smaller seedlings were protected by dwarf bamboo and browsing incidence is low for smaller seedlings within plots with high coverage of dwarf bamboo. This can be an example of associational defense against deer. The probability of browsing incidence was low for seedlings 0.2–0.5 m tall in sites with dense dwarf bamboo, while no significant differences were detected between seedlings 0.5–0.8 m tall and those ≥ 0.8 m. Even though seedlings under dwarf bamboo cover tend to escape from deer browsing, dwarf bamboo directly affects seedling survival and growth negatively. Therefore, it is necessary to manage both the deer population and dwarf bamboo to enable forest regeneration. The percentages of seedlings with browsing incidence on seedlings ≥ 0.5 m tall can approximate the browsing level and is useful for management decisions.



中文翻译:

矮竹对阔叶幼苗对鹿浏览的保护作用

森林底层经常被矮竹Sasa spp所覆盖。在日本北部的北海道。矮竹是梅花鹿的一个重要的冬季牧草梅花鹿,并且通过防止幼苗建成小径竹抑制森林再生。尽管浏览苗木的百分比是鹿浏览压力的有用指标,但矮矮竹还有望通过改变对苗木的物理可达性来影响苗木浏览。我们假设幼苗高度与浏览发生率之间的关系取决于矮竹的覆盖率,因为较小的幼苗受到矮竹的保护。在19个样地(40–200 m2个每个)位于天然森林中。矮竹的覆盖率从3%到74%不等,除了一个没有矮竹的地块。在每个样区中,矮竹的平均高度为0.44-1.17 m。在广义线性混合模型中,选择苗高和矮竹覆盖率的乘积作为解释变量,以了解每个苗上浏览的发生率。这表明矮矮化苗受到矮竹的保护,矮矮苗在覆盖矮矮竹的地块内的浏览率较低。这可能是联合防御鹿的一个例子。在矮矮竹密集的地方,高0.2-0.5 m的树苗的浏览率很低,而高0.5-0.8 m的树苗和≥0.8 m的树苗的浏览率没有显着差异。尽管矮竹皮下的幼苗倾向于从鹿的浏览中逃脱,但矮竹直接对幼苗的存活和生长产生负面影响。因此,有必要同时管理鹿群和矮竹,以使森林再生。在高≥0.5 m的幼苗上浏览发生率的幼苗百分比可以近似浏览水平,对于管理决策很有用。

更新日期:2021-05-06
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