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Landscape cover type, not social dominance, is associated with the winter movement patterns of Snowy Owls in temperate areas
The Auk ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-06 , DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukaa082
Rebecca A McCabe 1 , Jean-François Therrien 2 , Karen L Wiebe 3 , Gilles Gauthier 4 , David Brinker 5 , Scott Weidensaul 6 , Kyle Elliott 1
Affiliation  

Migrating animals occur along a continuum from species that spend the nonbreeding season at a fixed location to species that are nomadic during the nonbreeding season, essentially continuously moving. Such variation is likely driven by the economics of territoriality or heterogeneity in the environment. The Snowy Owl (Bubo scandiacus) is known for its complex seasonal movements, and thus an excellent model to test these ideas, as many individuals travel unpredictably along irregular routes during both the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. Two possible explanations for this large variation in the propensity to move are (1) dominance hierarchies in which dominant individuals (adult females in this case) monopolize some key, consistent resources, and move less than subdominants; and (2) habitat heterogeneity in which individuals foraging in rich and less heterogenic environments are less mobile. We analyzed fine-scale telemetry data (global positioning system [GPS]/global system for mobile communication [GSM]) from 50 Snowy Owls tagged in eastern and central North America from 2013 to 2019, comparing space use during the winter period according to sex and age, and to land cover attributes. We used variograms to classify individuals as nomadic (58%) or range-resident (42%), and found that nomadic owls had ten times larger wintering areas than range-resident owls. The frequency of nomadism was similar in socially-dominant adult females, immatures, and males. However, nomadism increased from west to east, and north to south, and was positively associated with the use of water and negatively associated with croplands. We conclude that many individual Snowy Owls in Eastern North America are nomadic during the nonbreeding season and that movement patterns during this time are driven primarily by extrinsic factors, specifically heterogeneity in habitat and prey availability, as opposed to intrinsic factors associated with spacing behavior, such as age and sex.

中文翻译:

景观覆盖类型,而不是社会优势,与温带地区雪鸮的冬季运动模式有关

迁徙动物沿着一个连续体发生,从在固定地点度过非繁殖季节的物种到在非繁殖季节游牧的物种,基本上是连续移动的。这种变化可能是由环境中的地域性或异质性经济学驱动的。雪鸮 (Bubo scandiacus) 以其复杂的季节性运动而闻名,因此是检验这些想法的绝佳模型,因为许多个体在繁殖和非繁殖季节都沿着不规则的路线出人意料地旅行。对迁移倾向的这种巨大差异有两种可能的解释:(1)支配等级制度,其中占主导地位的个体(在这种情况下为成年女性)垄断了一些关键的、一致的资源,并且比次要支配者移动得更少;(2) 栖息地异质性,其中在丰富且异质性较低的环境中觅食的个体流动性较小。我们分析了 2013 年至 2019 年在北美东部和中部标记的 50 只雪鸮的精细遥测数据(全球定位系统 [GPS]/全球移动通信系统 [GSM]),根据性别比较了冬季期间的空间使用情况和年龄,以及土地覆盖属性。我们使用变异函数将个体分类为游牧 (58%) 或范围居民 (42%),并发现游牧猫头鹰的越冬区域是范围居民猫头鹰的十倍。在社会主导的成年女性、未成熟和男性中,游牧的频率相似。然而,游牧民族自西向东、从北向南增加,与用水量呈正相关,与农田呈负相关。
更新日期:2021-05-06
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