Indiscriminate use of insecticides is a major concern due to its ubiquitous occurrence and potential toxicity to aquatic animals. This study investigated the adverse effects of lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT; C₂₃H₁₉ClF₃NO₃) and methomyl (MTM; C₅H₁₀N₂O₂S) on immune system modulations and growth performance of juvenile fishes. The supportive role of a taurine (TUR; C₂H₇NO₃S)-supplemented diet was also evaluated. Juvenile O. niloticus fishes were exposed to LCT (0.079 µg/L), MTM (20.39 µg/L), or both in water and were fed on a basal diet only or taurine-supplemented basal diet. Exposure to LCT and MTM retarded growth and increased mortality rate. LCT and MTM reduced antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and innate and humoral immunity but upregulated interleukin and chemokine expressions. Moreover, exposure to LCT and MTM elevated 8-OHdG levels and increased the mortality of Oreochromis niloticus after the experimental bacterial challenge. The TUR-enriched diet enhanced antioxidant enzymes and acted as a growth promoter and anti-inflammatory agent. TUR can modify innate and adaptive immune responses. Furthermore, TUR supplementation is a beneficial additive candidate for mitigating LCT and MTM toxicities mixed with O. niloticus aquafeed.

中文翻译：

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富含牛磺酸的饮食在对抗拟南芥中拟除虫菊酯和/或氨基甲酸酯的免疫毒性和炎症作用中的抗氧化作用。

由于杀虫剂的普遍存在和对水生动物的潜在毒性，因此不加选择地使用杀虫剂是一个主要问题。这项研究调查了lambda-cyhalothrin（LCT; C ₂₃ H ₁₉ ClF ₃ NO ₃）和灭多威（MTM; C ₅ H ₁₀ N ₂ O ₂ S）对幼鱼免疫系统调节和生长性能的不利影响。还评估了补充牛磺酸（TUR； C ₂ H ₇ NO ₃ S）饮食的支持作用。少年罗非鱼将鱼暴露于LCT（0.079 µg / L），MTM（20.39 µg / L）或同时暴露于水中，并仅接受基础饮食或补充牛磺酸的基础饮食。接触LCT和MTM会阻碍生长并增加死亡率。LCT和MTM降低了抗氧化酶的活性（超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶）以及先天和体液免疫，但上调了白介素和趋化因子的表达。此外，接触LCT和MTM会升高8-OHdG水平并增加尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）的死亡率实验细菌攻击后。富含TUR的饮食增强了抗氧化酶的功能，并充当了生长促进剂和消炎剂。TUR可以修饰先天性和适应性免疫反应。此外，TUR补充剂是减轻与O.niloticus水产饲料混合的LCT和MTM毒性的有益添加剂。