We describe the creation and characterization of a calibration CT mini-lung-phantom incorporating simulated airways and ground-glass densities. Ten duplicate mini-lung-phantoms with Three-Dimensional (3-D) printed tubes simulating airways and gradated density polyurethane foam blocks were designed and built. Dimensional accuracy and CT numbers were measured using micro-CT and clinical CT scanners. Micro-CT images of airway tubes demonstrated an average dimensional variation of 0.038 mm from nominal values. The five different densities of incorporated foam blocks, simulating ground-glass, showed mean CT numbers (±standard deviation) of −897.0 ± 1.5, −844.1 ± 1.5, −774.1 ± 2.6, −695.3 ± 1.6, and −351.0 ± 3.7 HU, respectively. Three-Dimensional printing and subtractive manufacturing enabled rapid, cost-effective production of ground-truth calibration mini-lung-phantoms with low inter-sample variation that can be scanned simultaneously with the patient undergoing lung quantitative CT.

中文翻译：

---

通过 3D 打印和减材制造创建的校准 CT 微型肺体模

我们描述了包含模拟气道和毛玻璃密度的校准 CT 微型肺幻影的创建和表征。设计和建造了十个重复的微型肺模型，带有模拟气道的三维 (3-D) 打印管和渐变密度聚氨酯泡沫块。使用微型 CT 和临床 CT 扫描仪测量尺寸精度和 CT 数量。气道导管的显微 CT 图像显示与标称值的平均尺寸变化为 0.038 毫米。五种不同密度的混合泡沫块，模拟毛玻璃，显示平均 CT 数（±标准偏差）为 -897.0 ± 1.5、-844.1 ± 1.5、-774.1 ± 2.6、-695.3 ± 1.6 和 -351.0 ± 3.7 HU ， 分别。三维打印和减材制造使快速、