Mining activities carried out above an aquifer, especially in the hanging wall of normal faults, generally involve the risk of water inrush. For a better understanding of the mechanism inducing groundwater outburst through fault floor, the analytical and numerical simulation methods were applied to investigate the process of fault activation driven by mining and hydraulic loads. The influences of the advancing distance and fault dip were conducted. The results exhibit good agreement between the theoretical calculation and the numerical simulation. The fault activation by induced tangential stress change has a positive correlation with the advancing distance and a negative correlation with the fault dip angle. The stress concentration factor increases significantly when the excavation process enters the horizontal range of fault projection, following the stress peak and failure zone approaching the coal seam from deep to shallow along the fault. For the cases with a constant advancing distance, the smaller the fault dip is, the earlier the water-inrush channel will be formed. The research results in this study reveal the theoretical mechanism of fault activation and groundwater inrush of coal seam floor above a confined aquifer and thus provide valuable insights for the prevention and risk assessment of mine water disasters in underground engineering.

在蓄水层上方进行的采矿活动，特别是在正常断层的悬挂壁上进行的采矿活动，通常会带来涌水的危险。为了更好地理解通过断层底板诱发地下水突出的机理，采用解析和数值模拟方法研究了采矿和水力驱动的断层活化过程。进行了进给距离和断层倾角的影响。结果在理论计算和数值模拟之间显示出良好的一致性。引起的切向应力变化引起的断层激活与行进距离成正相关，与断层倾角成负相关。当开挖过程进入断层投影的水平范围时，应力集中系数显着增加，沿着断层从深部到浅部的应力峰值和破坏带接近煤层。对于前进距离恒定的情况，断层倾角越小，则越早形成涌水通道。本研究的研究结果揭示了承压水层上方煤层底板的断层活化和地下水涌入的理论机理，从而为地下工程的矿井水灾害的预防和风险评估提供了有价值的见解。