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Ice cliff dynamics of debris-covered Trakarding Glacier in the Rolwaling region, Nepal Himalaya
Frontiers in Earth Science ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-05 , DOI: 10.3389/feart.2021.623623
Yota Sato , Koji Fujita , Hiroshi Inoue , Sojiro Sunako , Akiko Sakai , Akane Tsushima , Evgeny A. Podolskiy , Rakesh Kayastha , Rijan B. Kayastha

Ice cliffs can act as “hot spots” for melt on debris-covered glaciers and promote local glacier mass loss. Repeat high-resolution remote-sensing data are therefore required to monitor the role of ice cliff dynamics in glacier mass loss. Here we analyze high-resolution aerial photogrammetry data acquired during the 2007, 2018, and 2019 post-monsoon seasons to delineate and monitor the morphology, distribution, and temporal changes of the ice cliffs across the debris-covered Trakarding Glacier in the eastern Nepal Himalaya. We generate an ice cliff inventory from the 2018 and 2019 precise terrain data, with ice cliffs accounting for 4.7% and 6.1% of the debris-covered area, respectively. We observe large surface lowering (>2.0 m a−1) where there is a denser distribution of ice cliffs. We also track the survival, formation, and disappearance of ice cliffs from 2018 to 2019, and find that ~15% of the total ice cliff area is replaced by new ice cliffs. Furthermore, we observe the overall predominance of northwest-facing ice cliffs, although we do observe spatial heterogeneities in the aspect variance of the ice cliffs (ice cliffs face in similar/various directions). Many new ice cliffs formed across the stagnant middle sections of the glacier, coincident with surface water drainage and englacial conduit intake observations. This spatial relationship between ice cliffs and the glacier hydrological system suggests that these englacial and supraglacial hydrological systems play a significant role in ice cliff formation.

中文翻译:

喜马拉雅山Rolwaling地区被碎屑覆盖的Trakarding冰川的冰崖动力学

冰崖可以作为“热点”,在覆盖有碎屑的冰川上融化,并促进局部冰川的质量损失。因此,需要重复的高分辨率遥感数据来监测冰崖动力学在冰川质量损失中的作用。在这里,我们分析了2007年,2018年和2019年季风后季节获得的高分辨率航空摄影测量数据,以描绘和监测尼泊尔东部喜马拉雅山残骸覆盖的特拉卡丁冰川上冰崖的形态,分布和时间变化。我们根据2018年和2019年的精确地形数据生成了冰崖清单,其中冰崖分别占碎片覆盖面积的4.7%和6.1%。我们观察到大的表面下降(> 2.0 ma-1),那里的冰壁分布更密集。我们还追踪生存,形成,以及2018年至2019年冰崖的消失,发现约有15%的冰崖总面积被新的冰崖所取代。此外,尽管我们确实观察到了冰崖在纵横比方面的空间异质性(冰崖朝向相似/不同的方向),但我们观察到了面向西北的冰崖的总体优势。在冰川停滞的中部形成了许多新的冰崖,这与地表水排水和冰河管道的观测相吻合。冰崖和冰川水文系统之间的这种空间关系表明,这些冰川和冰河上水文系统在冰崖形成中起着重要作用。尽管我们确实观察到了冰崖在纵横比方面的空间异质性(冰崖面向相似/不同的方向),但我们观察到了面向西北的冰崖的总体优势。在冰川停滞的中部形成了许多新的冰崖,这与地表水排水和冰河管道的观测相吻合。冰崖和冰川水文系统之间的这种空间关系表明,这些冰川和冰河上水文系统在冰崖形成中起着重要作用。尽管我们确实观察到了冰崖在纵横比方面的空间异质性(冰崖面向相似/不同的方向),但我们观察到了面向西北的冰崖的总体优势。在冰川停滞的中部形成了许多新的冰崖,这与地表水排水和冰河管道的观测相吻合。冰崖和冰川水文系统之间的这种空间关系表明,这些冰川和冰河上水文系统在冰崖形成中起着重要作用。与地表水排水和冰河管道的观测结果相吻合。冰崖和冰川水文系统之间的这种空间关系表明,这些冰川和冰河上水文系统在冰崖形成中起着重要作用。与地表水排水和冰河管道的观测结果相吻合。冰崖和冰川水文系统之间的这种空间关系表明,这些冰川和冰河上水文系统在冰崖形成中起着重要作用。
更新日期:2021-05-05
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