ABSTRACT

Sport participation in adolescence helps to reach the recommended levels of physical activity and predicts participation during adulthood. Few cross-cultural studies compare contexts of sport participation and their relation with sport participation rates. In Europe, Austria and France are two countries that differ in their economic situation and sport policy structure. The main objective of this study was to compare sport participation rates and sport contexts (unorganized/organized sport) in Austria and France, by sex and SES. Two data collections were conducted during spring 2015 in Austria and France among high-school students. Logistic regressions were used to compare the sport participation rates of Austrian and French students by sex, SES and context of participation. The Austrian adolescents had higher sport participation rates than the French adolescents but were less likely to participate in organized sport compared with the French (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.52–0.78). The Austrian students were more likely to participate in unorganized sport (OR = 3.46, 95% CI = 2.75–4.36). The large participation difference between the two countries was also caused by the higher unorganized sport practice of low-SES Austrian adolescents, especially by low-SES girls. This indicates that, next to organized sport, unorganized practice can help to enhance adolescent participation and to balance existing social and gender inequalities.

摘要

青春期的体育参与有助于达到推荐的体育活动水平，并预测成年期的参与。很少有跨文化研究比较体育参与的背景及其与体育参与率的关系。在欧洲，奥地利和法国是两个经济状况和体育政策结构不同的国家。本研究的主要目的是按性别和社会经济地位比较奥地利和法国的体育参与率和体育环境（无组织/有组织的体育）。2015 年春季在奥地利和法国对高中生进行了两次数据收集。逻辑回归用于按性别、社会经济地位和参与环境比较奥地利和法国学生的体育参与率。奥地利青少年的运动参与率高于法国青少年，但与法国青少年相比，他们参加有组织的运动的可能性较低（OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.52-0.78）。奥地利学生更有可能参加无组织的运动（OR = 3.46, 95% CI = 2.75–4.36）。两国之间的巨大参与差异也是由于低社会经济地位的奥地利青少年，尤其是低社会经济地位的女孩的较高的无组织运动实践造成的。这表明，除了有组织的运动之外，无组织的练习可以帮助提高青少年的参与度并平衡现有的社会和性别不平等。奥地利学生更有可能参加无组织的运动（OR = 3.46, 95% CI = 2.75–4.36）。两国之间的巨大参与差异也是由于低社会经济地位的奥地利青少年，尤其是低社会经济地位的女孩的较高的无组织运动实践造成的。这表明，除了有组织的运动之外，无组织的练习可以帮助提高青少年的参与度并平衡现有的社会和性别不平等。奥地利学生更有可能参加无组织的运动（OR = 3.46, 95% CI = 2.75–4.36）。两国之间的巨大参与差异也是由于低社会经济地位的奥地利青少年，尤其是低社会经济地位的女孩的较高的无组织运动实践造成的。这表明，除了有组织的运动之外，无组织的练习可以帮助提高青少年的参与度并平衡现有的社会和性别不平等。