The criminal responsibility of offenders with mental disorders is a key issue in forensic psychiatry. Japan's implementation of the Medical Treatment and Supervision Act and Lay Judge Act in the early 2000s raised public awareness of this issue. To determine how criminal court judges in Japan assess the criminal responsibility of offenders, we examined 453 district court verdicts that mention psychiatric evidence. We extracted elements from each verdict that may be associated with courts' decision-making regarding criminal responsibility and analyzed the relationship between each element and the adjudication of criminal responsibility. We investigated the changes in each element's prevalence over time. A logistic regression analysis revealed that the following were independently associated with the court decisions that offenders' criminal responsibility was intact: understandable motivation for committing the offense, homogeneity of the offense from the defendant's usual behavioral pattern, a coherent process used to commit the offense, alertness while offending, and absence of psychotic symptoms. We observed that recent verdicts are more focused on the offender's perception of illegality and the coherence of the offending process while disregarding the defendant's consciousness and memory while offending. Thus, the courts focus on some specific elements for evaluating the criminal responsibility of each offender.

精神障碍罪犯的刑事责任是法医精神病学的一个关键问题。日本在 2000 年代初期实施的《医疗和监督法》和《法官法》提高了公众对这一问题的认识。为了确定日本刑事法院法官如何评估罪犯的刑事责任，我们检查了 453 份提及精神病学证据的地区法院判决。我们从每项判决中提取可能与法院刑事责任决策相关的要素，并分析了各要素与刑事责任裁定之间的关系。我们调查了每个元素的流行程度随时间的变化。逻辑回归分析显示，以下与法院判决独立相关：刑事责任是完整的：可以理解的犯罪动机，从被告通常的行为模式来看，犯罪的同质性，用于犯罪的连贯过程，犯罪时的警觉性，以及没有精神病症状。我们观察到，最近的判决更侧重于犯罪人对违法行为的感知和犯罪过程的连贯性，而忽视了被告人犯罪时的意识和记忆。因此，法院侧重于评估每个罪犯的刑事责任的一些具体要素。并且没有精神病症状。我们观察到，最近的判决更侧重于犯罪人对违法行为的感知和犯罪过程的连贯性，而忽视了被告人犯罪时的意识和记忆。因此，法院侧重于评估每个罪犯的刑事责任的一些具体要素。并且没有精神病症状。我们观察到，最近的判决更侧重于犯罪人对违法行为的感知和犯罪过程的连贯性，而忽视了被告人犯罪时的意识和记忆。因此，法院侧重于评估每个罪犯的刑事责任的一些具体要素。